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Financial Flexibility and Manager–Shareholder Conflict: Evidence from REITs

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  • Timothy Riddiough
  • Eva Steiner

Abstract

Using equity Real Estate Investment Trust data, we show empirically that the use of unsecured debt, which contains standardized covenants that place limits on total leverage and the use of secured debt, is associated with lower leverage outcomes. We then show that firm value is sensitive to leverage levels, where lower leverage is associated with higher firm value. In the presence of weak managerial governance, our results suggest that unsecured debt covenants function as a managerial commitment device that preserves the firm's debt capacity to enhance financial flexibility.

Suggested Citation

  • Timothy Riddiough & Eva Steiner, 2020. "Financial Flexibility and Manager–Shareholder Conflict: Evidence from REITs," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 48(1), pages 200-239, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:48:y:2020:i:1:p:200-239
    DOI: 10.1111/1540-6229.12226
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    Cited by:

    1. David H. Downs & Bing Zhu, 2022. "Property market liquidity and REIT liquidity," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 50(6), pages 1462-1491, November.
    2. Zifeng Feng & William G. Hardin & Zhonghua Wu, 2024. "REIT Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Compensation in the New Era," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 69(4), pages 651-681, November.
    3. Vishaal Baulkaran & Pawan Jain, 2023. "CDS contract initiations: REIT board monitoring and corporate decision outcomes," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 46(1), pages 217-246, February.
    4. Li, Ying & Li, Lingxiao & Zhu, Bing, 2023. "Executive Compensation and Secured Debt: Evidence from REITs," VfS Annual Conference 2023 (Regensburg): Growth and the "sociale Frage" 277606, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    5. George D. Cashman & David M. Harrison & Shelly Howton & Benjamin Scheick, 2023. "The Cost of Financial Flexibility: Information Opacity, Agency Conflicts and REIT at-the-Market (ATM) Equity Offerings," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 66(2), pages 505-541, February.
    6. Zifeng Feng & Zhonghua Wu, 2023. "ESG Disclosure, REIT Debt Financing and Firm Value," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 67(3), pages 388-422, October.
    7. Elizabeth Devos & Erik Devos & He Li & Desmond Tsang, 2022. "Operating Lease as Alternative Financing for REITs: a Viable Strategy or a Sign of Trouble?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 65(2), pages 153-180, August.

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