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Demand Uncertainty, Development Timing and Leasehold Land Valuation: Empirical Testing of Real Options in Residential Real Estate Development

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  • Huimin Yao
  • Frederik Pretorius

Abstract

type="main"> This article develops and tests a long-dated American call option pricing model for valuing development land under leasehold. We analyze and test option values in ten detailed Hong Kong cases involving purchase, holding, converting and developing land. We also test for optimal exercise of long-dated American calls using processes based on the optimal trigger ratio feature of the perpetual American call option model. Generally, the empirical results confirm presence of a positive and nontrivial option premium (mean +5.274%) in the cases, and that developers appear to delay exercise to the point predicted by the real options model.

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  • Huimin Yao & Frederik Pretorius, 2014. "Demand Uncertainty, Development Timing and Leasehold Land Valuation: Empirical Testing of Real Options in Residential Real Estate Development," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 42(4), pages 829-868, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:42:y:2014:i:4:p:829-868
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    Cited by:

    1. d’Amato, Maurizio & Zrobek, Sabina & Renigier Bilozor, Malgorzata & Walacik, Marek & Mercadante, Giuseppe, 2019. "Valuing the effect of the change of zoning on underdeveloped land using fuzzy real option approach," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 365-374.
    2. Honglin Wang & Fan Yu & Yinggang Zhou, 2020. "Property Investment and Rental Rate under Housing Price Uncertainty: A Real Options Approach," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 48(2), pages 633-665, June.
    3. Amir Ahmad Dar & Mohammad Shahfaraz Khan & Imran Azad & Amit Kumar Pathak & Gopu Jayaraman, 2024. "Literature review: options and its applications," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 4(8), pages 1-26, August.
    4. Wang, Honglin & Yu, Fan & Zhou, Yinggang, 2018. "Property Investment and Rental Rate under Housing Price Uncertainty: A Real Options Approach," IRTG 1792 Discussion Papers 2018-051, Humboldt University of Berlin, International Research Training Group 1792 "High Dimensional Nonstationary Time Series".
    5. Jenny Jing Wang & Jianfu Shen & Frederik Pretorius, 2023. "Valuing options to renew at future market value: the case of commercial property leases," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-35, December.
    6. Kwabena Mintah, 2018. "Real Options Analysis in Residential Property Development Decision-Making in Australia: Perspective of Executives," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 21(4), pages 473-520.
    7. Quan Gan & Maggie Rong Hu & Wayne Xinwei Wan, 2022. "Contract rescission in the real estate presale market," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 50(4), pages 1054-1106, December.
    8. Gluszak, Michal & Zygmunt, Robert, 2018. "Development density, administrative decisions, and land values: An empirical investigation," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 153-161.
    9. Reyman, Katarzyna & Maier, Gunther, 2023. "Property rights regime and the timing of land development in a post-transition country (Poland)," SRE-Discussion Papers 01/2023, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    10. Jiangang Shi & Kaifeng Duan & Shiping Wen & Rui Zhang, 2019. "Investment Valuation Model of Public Rental Housing PPP Project for Private Sector: A Real Option Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-18, March.
    11. L. Li & K. W. Chau, 2019. "What Motivates a Developer to Sell before Completion?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 59(2), pages 209-232, August.
    12. L. Li & Helen X. H. Bao & K. W. Chau, 2023. "On the Strategic Timing of Sales by Real Estate Developers: To Wait or To Presell?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 66(1), pages 169-196, January.
    13. Gang‐Zhi Fan & Ming Pu & Tien Foo Sing & Xiaoyu Zhang, 2022. "Risk aversion and urban land development options," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 50(3), pages 767-788, September.
    14. Sheng-Hau Lin & Chia-Tsong Chen, 2020. "Pricing Rent for Social Housing Under Uncertainty," Advances in Management and Applied Economics, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 10(4), pages 1-4.
    15. Jianfu Shen & Frederik Pretorius & K. W. Chau, 2018. "Land Auctions with Budget Constraints," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 443-471, April.

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