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Back from Beyond the Bid–Ask Spread: Estimating Liquidity in International Markets

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  • Gianluca Marcato
  • Charles Ward

Abstract

Research on the topic of liquidity has greatly benefited from the improved availability of data. Researchers have addressed questions regarding the factors that influence bid–ask spreads and the relationship between spreads and risk, return and liquidity. Intraday data have been used to measure the effective spread, and researchers have been able to refine the concepts of liquidity to include the price impact of transactions on a trade‐by‐trade analysis. The growth in the creation of tax‐transparent securities has greatly enhanced the visibility of securitized real estate, and has naturally led to the question of whether the increased visibility of real estate has caused market liquidity to change. Although the growth in the public market for securitized real estate has occurred in international markets, it has not been accompanied by universal publication of transaction data. Therefore, this article develops an aggregate daily data‐based test for liquidity and applies the test to U.S. data in order to check for consistency with the results of prior intraday analysis. If the two approaches produce similar results, we can apply the same technique to markets in which less detailed data are available and offer conclusions on the liquidity of a wider set of markets.

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  • Gianluca Marcato & Charles Ward, 2007. "Back from Beyond the Bid–Ask Spread: Estimating Liquidity in International Markets," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 35(4), pages 599-622, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:35:y:2007:i:4:p:599-622
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6229.2007.00202.x
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    1. Martin Hoesli & Anjeza Kadilli & Kustrim Reka, 2017. "Commonality in Liquidity and Real Estate Securities," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 65-105, July.
    2. George D. Cashman & David M. Harrison & Hainan Sheng, 2021. "Option Trading and REIT Returns," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 49(1), pages 332-389, March.
    3. Zifeng Feng & Peng Liu, 2023. "Introducing “Focused Firms”: Implications from REIT Prime Operating Revenue," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 67(3), pages 545-578, October.
    4. Paul Anglin & Robert Edelstein & Yanmin Gao & Desmond Tsang, 2011. "How Does Corporate Governance Affect the Quality of Investor Information? The Curious Case of REITs," Journal of Real Estate Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(1), pages 1-24, January.
    5. Giovanni Tira & Tommaso Gabrieli & Gianluca Marcato, 2011. "Liquidity Black Hole and Optimal Behavioral," ERES eres2011_116, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    6. Dirk Brounen & Piet Eichholtz & David Ling, 2009. "The Liquidity of Property Shares: An International Comparison," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 37(3), pages 413-445, September.
    7. Bartley R. Danielsen & David M. Harrison & Robert A. Van Ness & Richard S. Warr, 2009. "REIT Auditor Fees and Financial Market Transparency," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 37(3), pages 515-557, September.
    8. Susanne Cannon & Rebel Cole, 2011. "Changes in REIT Liquidity 1988–2007: Evidence from Daily Data," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 43(1), pages 258-280, July.
    9. Elizabeth Devos & Erik Devos & Seow Eng Ong & Andrew C. Spieler, 2019. "Information Asymmetry and REIT Capital Market Access," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 90-110, July.
    10. Katlego Kola & Tumellano Sebehela, 2021. "Market The (De)merits of using Integral Transforms in Predicting Structural Break Points," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 24(3), pages 405-467.
    11. Bond, Shaun A. & Chang, Qingqing, 2012. "Liquidity dynamics across public and private markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(7), pages 1890-1910.
    12. Gianluca Marcato, 2018. "Liquidity Pricing of Illiquid Assets," ERES eres2018_215, European Real Estate Society (ERES).

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