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Corporate Headquarters Relocation: Evidence from the Capital Markets

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  • Kasim L. Alli
  • Gabriel G. Ramirez
  • Kenneth Yung

Abstract

This paper assesses the stock market reaction to announcements of corporate headquarters relocations and examines financial and geographical factors related to wealth effects and factors that influence the decision to relocate corporate headquarters. The results indicate that announcements of relocations are associated with significant positive stock price effects. On average, the stock price of relocating firms increases by 1.29% during the two‐day period around the announcement. Abnormal returns are positively related to the availability of labor and negatively related to the cost of living in the new location and the change in employment levels. A logit analysis indicates that the probability of a firm relocating is partially determined by the firm size and the rental expenses/sales ratio. The results also indicate that firm size, the employment/asset ratio levels, and listing in the NYSE/AMEX affect the decision to relocate to a Fortune‐ranked city. Finally, firms relocating to Fortune‐ranked cities are characterized by a high level of insider ownership relative to firms moving to non‐ranked cities.

Suggested Citation

  • Kasim L. Alli & Gabriel G. Ramirez & Kenneth Yung, 1991. "Corporate Headquarters Relocation: Evidence from the Capital Markets," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 19(4), pages 583-600, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:19:y:1991:i:4:p:583-600
    DOI: 10.1111/1540-6229.00569
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    1. Pandej Chintrakarn & Sirimon Treepongkaruna & Pornsit Jiraporn & Sang Mook Lee, 2020. "Do LGBT-Supportive Corporate Policies Improve Credit Ratings? An Instrumental-Variable Analysis," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 162(1), pages 31-45, February.
    2. Chris Manning & Stephen E. Roulac, 2001. "Lessons from the Past and Future Directions for Corporate Real Estate Research," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 22(1/2), pages 7-58.
    3. Lee, Sang Mook & Bazel-Shoham, Ofra & Tarba, Shlomo Y. & Shoham, Amir, 2022. "The effect of economic freedom on board diversity," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 833-849.
    4. Martha A. O’Mara, 1999. "Strategic Drivers of Location Decisions for Information-Age Companies," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 17(3), pages 365-386.
    5. Pornsit Jiraporn & Napatsorn Jiraporn & Adisak Boeprasert & Kiyoung Chang, 2014. "Does Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Improve Credit Ratings? Evidence from Geographic Identification," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 43(3), pages 505-531, September.
    6. Liang Li, 2012. "How Much Are Resource Projects Worth? A Capital Market Perspective," Economics Discussion / Working Papers 12-13, The University of Western Australia, Department of Economics.
    7. Birkinshaw, Julian & Braunerhjelm, Pontus & Holm, Ulf & Terjesen, Siri, 2006. "Why Do Some Multinational Corporations Relocate Their Headquarters Overseas?," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 54, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    8. Andreas Pfnür, 2000. "Institutionalisierung des betrieblichen Immobilienmanagements," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 52(6), pages 571-591, September.
    9. Joseph S. Rabianski & James R. DeLisle & Neil G. Carn, 2001. "Corporate Real Estate Site Selection: A Community-Specific Information Framework," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 22(1/2), pages 165-198.
    10. Liu, Shiang & Yang, Changyu, 2024. "The role of FinTech lenders in mortgage market: Evidence from corporate relocations," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    11. Fatemi, Ali & Fooladi, Iraj & Sy, Oumar & Zaman, Ashraf, 2024. "Corporate headquarters relocation and CSR performance," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PB), pages 622-637.
    12. Richard Gregory & John R. Lombard & Bruce Seifert, 2005. "Impact of Headquarters Relocation on the Operating Performance of the Firm," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 19(3), pages 260-270, August.
    13. Chen, Shuo & Yan, Xun & Yang, Bo, 2020. "Move to success? Headquarters relocation, political favoritism, and corporate performance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    14. Deschryvere, Matthias, 2009. "Mobility of Corporate Headquarter Functions: A Literature Review," Discussion Papers 1203, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
    15. Baxamusa, Mufaddal & Jalal, Abu, 2023. "The decline in stock exchange listed firms," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 295-317.
    16. Chris Manning & Mauricio Rodriguez & Chinmoy Ghosh, 1999. "Devising a Corporate Facility Location Strategy to Maximize Shareholder Wealth," Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, vol. 17(3), pages 321-340.
    17. Tirtiroglu, Dogan & Bhabra, Harjeet S. & Lel, Ugur, 2004. "Political uncertainty and asset valuation: Evidence from business relocations in Canada," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(9), pages 2237-2258, September.

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