IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/rdevec/v10y2006i1p116-134.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Human Capital, Productivity, and Stratification in Rural Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Takashi Kurosaki
  • Humayun Khan

Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of human capital on productivity using micro panel data of rural households in the North‐West Frontier Province, Pakistan, where a substantial job stratification is observed in terms of income and education. To clarify the mechanism underlying this stratification, the human capital effects are estimated for wages (individual level) and for self‐employed activities (household level), and for farm and non‐farm sectors. Estimation results show a clear contrast between farm and non‐farm sectors—wages and productivity in non‐farm activities rise with education at an increasing rate, whereas those in agriculture respond only to the primary education.

Suggested Citation

  • Takashi Kurosaki & Humayun Khan, 2006. "Human Capital, Productivity, and Stratification in Rural Pakistan," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 10(1), pages 116-134, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:rdevec:v:10:y:2006:i:1:p:116-134
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9361.2005.00305.x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2005.00305.x
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2005.00305.x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sawada, Yasayuki & Lokshin, Michael, 2001. "Household schooling decisions in rural Pakistan," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2541, The World Bank.
    2. Takashi Kurosaki & Humayun Khan, 2004. "Effects of Human Capital on Farm and Non-Farm Productivity and Occupational Stratification in Rural Pakistan," Hi-Stat Discussion Paper Series d04-46, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Aiko Kikkawa & Keijiro Otsuka, 2020. "The changing landscape of international migration: evidence from rural households in Bangladesh, 2000–2014," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(3), pages 222-239, July.
    2. Xiumei Wang & Yongjian Huang & Yingying Zhao & Jingxuan Feng, 2023. "Digital Revolution and Employment Choice of Rural Labor Force: Evidence from the Perspective of Digital Skills," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-19, June.
    3. Nasir Iqbal & Masood Sarwar Awan, 2015. "Determinants of Urban Poverty: The Case of Medium Sized City in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 54(4), pages 719-738.
    4. Ito, Takahiro, 2009. "Caste discrimination and transaction costs in the labor market: Evidence from rural North India," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 292-300, March.
    5. Takahiro Ito, 2009. "Education and Its Distributional Impacts on Living Standards," Global COE Hi-Stat Discussion Paper Series gd09-080, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    6. Lubna Naz & Munir Ahmad & G.M Arif, 2018. "Estimating Food Demand System and Rural Household Welfare: A Case study from Pakistan," Business & Economic Review, Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan, vol. 10(4), pages 55-82, December.
    7. Hoken, Hisatoshi, 2012. "Development of land rental market and its effect on household farming in rural China : an empirical study in Zhejiang Province," IDE Discussion Papers 323, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
    8. Ahsan, Md Nazmul & Emran, M. Shahe & Shilpi, Forhad, 2024. "Complementarities and intergenerational educational mobility: Theory and evidence from Indonesia," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 225(C), pages 170-191.
    9. Sonali Senaratna Sellamuttu & Takeshi Aida & Ryuji Kasahara & Yasuyuki Sawada & Deeptha Wijerathna, 2014. "How Access to Irrigation Influences Poverty and Livelihoods: A Case Study from Sri Lanka," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(5), pages 748-768, May.
    10. Keijiro Otsuka & Jonna P. Estudillo & Takashi Yamano, 2010. "The Role of Labor Markets and Human Capital in Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Asia and Africa," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), vol. 7(1), pages 23-40, June.
    11. Kurosaki, Takashi & Khan, Humayun, 2011. "Floods, Relief Aid, and Household Resilience in Rural Pakistan: Findings from a Pilot Survey in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa," Review of Agrarian Studies, Foundation for Agrarian Studies, vol. 1(2), December.
    12. Alvarado, Rafael, 2012. "Wages differentials in Ecuador: A regional approach with sample selection of Heckman and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition," MPRA Paper 37470, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Senaratna Sellamuttu, Sonali, 2013. "How access to irrigation influences poverty and livelihoods: a case study from Sri Lanka. Impact assessment of infrastructure projects on poverty reduction," IWMI Working Papers H045795, International Water Management Institute.
    14. Takashi Kurosaki, 2013. "Dynamics of Household Assets and Income Shocks in the Long-run Process of Economic Development: The Case of Rural Pakistan," Asian Development Review, MIT Press, vol. 30(2), pages 76-109, September.
    15. M. Shahe Emran & Fenohasina Maret-Rakotondrazaka & Stephen C. Smith, 2014. "Education and Freedom of Choice: Evidence from Arranged Marriages in Vietnam," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(4), pages 481-501, April.
    16. Kazushi Takahashi & Keijiro Otsuka, 2009. "The increasing importance of nonfarm income and the changing use of labor and capital in rice farming: the case of Central Luzon, 1979–2003," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 40(2), pages 231-242, March.
    17. Jonna Estudillo & Tomoya Matsumoto & Chowdhury Zia Uddin Hayat & Nandika S. Kumanayake & Keijiro Otsuka, 2013. "Labor markets, occupational choice, and rural poverty in four Asian countries," Philippine Review of Economics, University of the Philippines School of Economics and Philippine Economic Society, vol. 50(1), pages 23-44, June.
    18. Awan, Masood Sarwar & Iqbal, Nasir & Muhammad, Waqas, 2011. "The impact of human capital on urban poverty: The case of Sargodha city," MPRA Paper 31829, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Xiayire Xiaokaiti & Hongli Zhang & Nan Jia, 2024. "The Impacts and Spatial Characteristics of High-Standard Farmland Construction on Agricultural Carbon Productivity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-19, February.
    20. Kurosaki, Takashi, 2013. "Dynamics of Household Assets and Income Shocks in the Long-run Process of Economic Development: The Case of Rural Pakistan," PRIMCED Discussion Paper Series 39, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    21. Awan, Masood Sarwar & Malik, Nouman & Sarwar, Haroon & Waqas, Muhammad, 2011. "Impact of education on poverty reduction," MPRA Paper 31826, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    22. Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum & Rakhshanda Kousar, 2021. "Gender in agriculture: Determinants of female labor supply decisions among rural households in the context of market imperfections in Pakistan," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 52(2), pages 235-248, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Emanuela di Gropello, 2006. "Meeting the Challenges of Secondary Education in Latin America and East Asia : Improving Efficiency and Resource Mobilization," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 7173.
    2. World Bank, 2011. "Vietnam," World Bank Publications - Reports 27450, The World Bank Group.
    3. Jonathan Colmer, 2013. "Climate Variability, Child Labour and Schooling: Evidence on the Intensive and Extensive Margin," GRI Working Papers 132, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.
    4. Masakazu Hojo, 2012. "Shared literacy and employment in the nonfarm sector," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(10), pages 1209-1217, April.
    5. World Bank, 2008. "World Development Report 2007 Development and the Next Generation," Working Papers id:1755, eSocialSciences.
    6. Souksavanh VIXATHEP, 2017. "Entrepreneurship, Human and Social Capital, and Government Policy in Small and Medium Enterprise Development in Laos," Japan Social Innovation Journal, University of Hyogo Institute for Policy Analysis and Social Innovation, vol. 7(1), pages 1-33, March.
    7. Drusilla K. Brown & Alan V. Deardorff & Robert M. Stern, 2009. "The Effects of Multinational Production on Wages and Working Conditions in Developing Countries," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Globalization And International Trade Policies, chapter 17, pages 623-687, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    8. Peter J. Glick & David E. Sahn & Thomas F. Walker, 2016. "Household Shocks and Education Investments in Madagascar," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 78(6), pages 792-813, December.
    9. Souksavanh VIXATHEP & Nobuaki MATSUNAGA, 2015. "Entrepreneurial Human and Social Capital in Small Businesses in Vietnam - An Extended Analysis -," GSICS Working Paper Series 29, Graduate School of International Cooperation Studies, Kobe University.
    10. Sawada, Yasuyuki & Lokshin, Michael, 2009. "Obstacles to school progression in rural Pakistan: An analysis of gender and sibling rivalry using field survey data," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 335-347, March.
    11. Siddiqua Alibhai & Haroon Jamal & Dr Qazi Masood Ahmed, 2023. "Gender Inequality in Education - Determinants of Girls' Enrolment at the Primary, Middle & Secondary/High School Level," Social Inequality Lab Working Paper Series wpsil4, School of Economics and Social Sciences, IBA Karachi.
    12. ERREYGERS, Guido & FEREDE, Tadele, 2009. "The end of subsistence farming: Growth dynamics and investments in human and environmental capital in rural Ethiopia," Working Papers 2009008, University of Antwerp, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    13. Rana Ejaz Ali Khan, 2003. "Children in Different Activities: Child Schooling and Child Labour," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 42(2), pages 137-160.
    14. Jing Su & Liwei Tang & Pan Xiao & Ermei Wang, 2023. "Multidimensional poverty vulnerability in rural China," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 64(2), pages 897-930, February.
    15. Mughal, Abdul Waheed & Aldridge, Jo & Monaghan, Mark, 2019. "Perspectives of dropped-out children on their dropping out from public secondary schools in rural Pakistan," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 52-61.
    16. Canals-Cerda, Jose & Ridao-Cano, Cristobal, 2004. "The dynamics of school and work in rural Bangladesh," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3330, The World Bank.
    17. Souksavanh VIXATHEP, 2014. "Entrepreneurship, Government Policy and Performance of SMEs in Laos," GSICS Working Paper Series 28, Graduate School of International Cooperation Studies, Kobe University.
    18. W. Nabiddo & B.L. Yawe & F. Wasswa, 2022. "Education attainment and household education expenditure in Uganda: An empirical investigation," Journal of Economic Policy and Management Issues, JEPMI, vol. 1(1), pages 21-49.
    19. Lodhi, Abdul Salam & Tsegai, Daniel W. & Gerber, Nicolas, 2011. "Determinants of participation in child’s education and alternative activities in Pakistan," Discussion Papers 119110, University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF).
    20. Rakhshanda, Kousar & Awudu, Abdulai, 2013. "Impacts of rural non-farm employment on household welfare in Pakistan," 2013 Second Congress, June 6-7, 2013, Parma, Italy 149890, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:rdevec:v:10:y:2006:i:1:p:116-134. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1363-6669 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.