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Sequential innovation, patent policy, and the dynamics of the replacement effect

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  • Álvaro Parra

Abstract

I study how patent policy—characterized by patent length and forward protection—affects Research and Development (R&D) dynamics, leadership persistence, and market structure. Firms' R&D investments increase as the patent's expiration date approaches. Through forward protection, followers internalize the leader's replacement effect. In protective systems, this internalization is substantial, reversing Arrow's traditional result: followers invest less than leaders at every moment of the patent's life. I study the policy that maximizes innovative activity. Overly protective policies decrease innovation pace through two mechanisms: delaying firms' investments toward the end of the patent's life and decreasing the number of firms performing R&D.

Suggested Citation

  • Álvaro Parra, 2019. "Sequential innovation, patent policy, and the dynamics of the replacement effect," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 50(3), pages 568-590, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:randje:v:50:y:2019:i:3:p:568-590
    DOI: 10.1111/1756-2171.12287
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    Cited by:

    1. Luca Sandrini, 2023. "Innovation, competition, and incomplete adoption of a superior technology," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(6), pages 783-803, August.
    2. Yves Guéron & Jihong Lee, 2022. "Learning by Selling, Knowledge Spillovers, and Patents," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 70(4), pages 867-912, December.
    3. Yi Shen & Xiaoxin Yang, 2022. "Study on the Impact of Breakthrough and Incremental Innovation on Firm Capacity Utilization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-17, November.
    4. Luca Sandrini, 2024. "Price Versus Market Share with Royalty Licensing: Incomplete Adoption of a Superior Technology with Heterogeneous Firms," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 64(2), pages 243-265, March.
    5. Marshall, Guillermo & Parra, Álvaro, 2019. "Innovation and competition: The role of the product market," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 221-247.
    6. Jiafeng Gu, 2021. "Effects of Patent Policy on Outputs and Commercialization of Academic Patents in China: A Spatial Difference-in-Differences Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-17, December.
    7. Denicolò, Vincenzo & Zanchettin, Piercarlo, 2022. "Patent protection for complex technologies," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    8. Yihao Cao & Ehsan Elahi & Zainab Khalid & Ping Li & Pengsheng Sun, 2023. "How Do Intellectual Property Rights Affect Green Technological Innovation? Empirical Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-17, May.
    9. Luca Sandrini, 2023. "Price vs Market Share with Royalty Licensing: Incomplete Adoption of a Superior Technology with Heterogeneous Firms," Discussion Papers 2302, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Quantitative Social and Management Sciences.
    10. Daniel Alonso-Martínez & Nuria González-Álvarez & Mariano Nieto, 2021. "Does international patent collaboration have an effect on entrepreneurship?," Journal of International Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 539-559, December.
    11. Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, Pia & Yang, Jialei, 2022. "Distinguishing between appropriability and appropriation: A systematic review and a renewed conceptual framing," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(1).
    12. Gao, Tingfan & Wang, Shixun & Chen, Baizhu & Yang, Lihong, 2024. "The impact of big tech corporate venture capital investments on innovation: Evidence from the equity investment market," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    13. Krasteva, Silvana & Sharma, Priyanka & Wang, Chu, 2020. "Patent policy, imitation incentives, and the rate of cumulative innovation," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 509-533.
    14. Sergey M. Aseev & Masakazu Katsumoto, 2020. "On Optimal Leader’s Investments Strategy in a Cyclic Model of Innovation Race with Random Inventions Times," Games, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-21, November.
    15. Jinglei Huang & Danxia Xie & Zhihao Xu, 2024. "Sequential innovation and contribution distribution: measurement from game live-streaming industry," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
    16. Shi, Xiaoxuan & Song, Yuchen & Wang, Xi, 2023. "Intellectual property rights enforcement and mergers and acquisitions: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    17. Minjie Li & Mengjun Meng & Yihui Chen, 2024. "The impact of the digital economy on green innovation: the moderating role of fiscal decentralization," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 1-33, April.

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