IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/presci/v100y2021i3p815-841.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Proposing new measures of employment deconcentration and spatial dispersion across metropolitan areas in the US

Author

Listed:
  • John R. Hipp
  • Jae Hong Kim
  • Benjamin Forthun

Abstract

A well‐known challenge is measuring employment concentration across metropolitan areas and analysing the evolving spatial structure. We introduce a new approach that avoids identifying “job centres” and conceptualizes the distribution of employment based on two dimensions: (1) employment deconcentration; and (2) spatial dispersion of high employment locations. We apply this framework to study 329 US metropolitan regions based on 1 sq km. grid cells. We find diverse trajectories of metropolitan restructuring between 2000 and 2010, and substantial variation across regions in employment concentration. The new framework enables researchers to compare metropolitan regions to gain insights into the dynamic nature of metropolitan spatial structure. Un reto bien conocido es la medición de la concentración del empleo en las áreas metropolitanas y el análisis de la evolución de la estructura espacial. En este estudio se introduce un nuevo enfoque que evita la identificación de “centros de trabajo” y conceptualiza la distribución del empleo en función de dos dimensiones: (1) la desconcentración del empleo; y (2) la dispersión espacial de los lugares con niveles de empleo elevados. Se aplicó este marco para el estudio de 329 regiones metropolitanas de EE.UU. basadas en cuadrículas de 1 km2. Se encontraron diversas trayectorias de reestructuración metropolitana entre 2000 y 2010, y una variación importante entre regiones en la concentración del empleo. El nuevo marco permite a investigadores comparar las regiones metropolitanas para esclarecer la naturaleza dinámica de la estructura espacial metropolitana. 大都市圏における雇用の集中度を測定し、進化する空間構造を分析することは、よく知られた課題である。本稿では、「雇用の中心部(job centres)」を特定するのではなく、1)雇用の分散、2)就業率の高い地域の空間的分散という2つの側面に基づいて雇用の分布を概念化する新しいアプローチを導入する。このフレームワークを用いて、米国の329の大都市圏を1平方キロメートル単位で調査した。2000~2010年までの都市構造再編の軌跡は多様であり、雇用の集中度は地域によって大きく異なることがわかった。この新しいフレームワークにより、研究者が大都市圏地域間の比較を実施し、都市空間構造の動的な特性を解明することが可能になる

Suggested Citation

  • John R. Hipp & Jae Hong Kim & Benjamin Forthun, 2021. "Proposing new measures of employment deconcentration and spatial dispersion across metropolitan areas in the US," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(3), pages 815-841, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:100:y:2021:i:3:p:815-841
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12593
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12593
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/pirs.12593?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Daniel Arribas-Bel & Arturo Ramos & Fernando Sanz-Gracia, 2015. "The Size Distribution of Employment Centers within the US Metropolitan Areas," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 42(1), pages 23-39, February.
    2. McMillen, Daniel P. & William Lester, T., 2003. "Evolving subcenters: employment and population densities in Chicago, 1970-2020," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 60-81, March.
    3. François Riguelle & Isabelle Thomas & Ann Verhetsel, 2007. "Measuring urban polycentrism: a European case study and its implications," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 7(2), pages 193-215, March.
    4. Giuliano, Genevieve & Small, Kenneth A., 1991. "Subcenters in the Los Angeles region," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 163-182, July.
    5. Luca Salvati & Giuseppe Venanzoni & Pere Serra & Margherita Carlucci, 2016. "Scattered or polycentric? Untangling urban growth in three southern European metropolitan regions through exploratory spatial data analysis," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 57(1), pages 1-29, July.
    6. Luís M A Bettencourt & José Lobo & Deborah Strumsky & Geoffrey B West, 2010. "Urban Scaling and Its Deviations: Revealing the Structure of Wealth, Innovation and Crime across Cities," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(11), pages 1-9, November.
    7. Sean Reardon & Stephen Matthews & David O’Sullivan & Barrett Lee & Glenn Firebaugh & Chad Farrell & Kendra Bischoff, 2008. "The geographic scale of Metropolitan racial segregation," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 45(3), pages 489-514, August.
    8. Daniel P. McMillen, 2003. "Neighborhood house price indexes in Chicago: a Fourier repeat sales approach," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 3(1), pages 57-73, January.
    9. McMillen, Daniel P., 2001. "Nonparametric Employment Subcenter Identification," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(3), pages 448-473, November.
    10. McDonald, John F., 1987. "The identification of urban employment subcenters," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 242-258, March.
    11. Redfearn, Christian L., 2007. "The topography of metropolitan employment: Identifying centers of employment in a polycentric urban area," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(3), pages 519-541, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rivera-Gonzalez, Carlos & Holguin-Veras, Jose & Calderon, Oriana, 2023. "Supply-chain-focused measures of centrality and spread in metropolitan areas," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Robert Manduca, 2021. "The spatial structure of US metropolitan employment: New insights from administrative data," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 48(5), pages 1357-1372, June.
    2. Paolo VENERI, 2010. "The Identification of Sub-centres in Two Italian Metropolitan Areas: a Functional Approach," Working Papers 343, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (I), Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Sociali.
    3. Josep Roca Cladera & Carlos R. Marmolejo Duarte & Montserrat Moix, 2009. "Urban Structure and Polycentrism: Towards a Redefinition of the Sub-centre Concept," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(13), pages 2841-2868, December.
    4. Ivan Muñiz & Miguel-Àngel García-López, 2012. "Chaos and order in the contemporary city. The impact of urban spatial structure on population density and commuting distance in Barcelona, 1986-2001," Working Papers wpdea1207, Department of Applied Economics at Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona.
    5. Blanca Arellano & Montserrat Moix & Josep Roca, 2011. "Towards a New Methodology to evaluate the Urban structure of the Metropolitan Systems; Chicago and Barcelona Metropolitan Areas as Examples," ERSA conference papers ersa11p1779, European Regional Science Association.
    6. Chunil Kim & Choongik Choi, 2019. "Towards Sustainable Urban Spatial Structure: Does Decentralization Reduce Commuting Times?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-28, February.
    7. Jaume Masip Tresserra, 2012. "Identifying the Employment and Population Centers at regional and metropolitan scale: The Case of Catalonia and Barcelona," ERSA conference papers ersa12p70, European Regional Science Association.
    8. Chen Zhong & Markus Schläpfer & Stefan Müller Arisona & Michael Batty & Carlo Ratti & Gerhard Schmitt, 2017. "Revealing centrality in the spatial structure of cities from human activity patterns," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 54(2), pages 437-455, February.
    9. Garcia-López, Miquel-Àngel, 2010. "Population suburbanization in Barcelona, 1991-2005: Is its spatial structure changing?," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 119-132, June.
    10. Juan Zhu & Xinyi Niu & Yao Wang, 2024. "Polycentric Urban Spatial Structure Identification Based on Morphological and Functional Dimensions: Evidence from Three Chinese Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-22, March.
    11. Garcia-López, Miquel-Àngel & Hémet, Camille & Viladecans-Marsal, Elisabet, 2017. "Next train to the polycentric city: The effect of railroads on subcenter formation," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 50-63.
    12. Cats, Oded & Wang, Qian & Zhao, Yu, 2015. "Identification and classification of public transport activity centres in Stockholm using passenger flows data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 10-22.
    13. Genevieve Giuliano & Yuting Hou & Sanggyun Kang & Eun Jin Shin, 2022. "Polycentricity and the evolution of metropolitan spatial structure," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 593-627, June.
    14. Genevieve Giuliano & Sanggyun Kang & Quan Yuan, 2019. "Agglomeration economies and evolving urban form," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 63(3), pages 377-398, December.
    15. Kevin Kane & John R Hipp & Jae Hong Kim, 2018. "Los Angeles employment concentration in the 21st century," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(4), pages 844-869, March.
    16. Jaume Masip Tresserra, 2012. "Does Employment Density death? Towards a new integrated methodology to identify and characterize Sub-Centres," ERSA conference papers ersa12p71, European Regional Science Association.
    17. Frederic Gilli, 2009. "Sprawl or Reagglomeration? The Dynamics of Employment Deconcentration and Industrial Transformation in Greater Paris," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(7), pages 1385-1420, June.
    18. Yongqiang Lv & Xinqi Zheng & Lin Zhou & Lulu Zhang, 2017. "Decentralization and Polycentricity: Spatial Changes of Employment in Beijing Metropolitan Area, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-17, October.
    19. Jae Ik Kim & Chang Hwan Yeo & Jin-Hwi Kwon, 2014. "Spatial change in urban employment distribution in Seoul metropolitan city: clustering, dispersion and general dispersion," International Journal of Urban Sciences, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(3), pages 355-372, November.
    20. Ivan Muñiz & Anna Galindo & Miguel Angel García, 2005. "Descentralisation, Integration and polycentrism in Barcelona," Working Papers wpdea0512, Department of Applied Economics at Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:100:y:2021:i:3:p:815-841. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1056-8190 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.