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All‐Equity Firms And The Balancing Theory Of Capital Structure

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  • John C. Gardner
  • Charles A. Trzcinka

Abstract

Despite the benefits of leverage, many firms exist that at some point in their corporate history had no debt. This study provides evidence that the balancing theory of capital structure can predict the behavior of such firms. All‐equity firms allow a more precise measurement of firm market value and risk, and provide a less ambiguous relationship between independent variables and dependent variables than the firms used in previous studies. Using a logit function to avoid spurious correlation between the dependent and independent variables, we find that for most years during 1964–88 all‐equity firms listed in the Compustat industrial file exhibited a consistently significant negative relationship between the Myers growth option variable and the probability of borrowing. Positively significant but less consistent relationships exist between the risk measures and the nondebt tax shields, and the probability of borrowing. These results do not qualitatively change when the data are aggregated over twenty years or over five‐year subperiods. The tests are also conducted by industry according to the one‐digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code. Significant relationships are found in the 2000 and 3000 SIC code manufacturing industries.

Suggested Citation

  • John C. Gardner & Charles A. Trzcinka, 1992. "All‐Equity Firms And The Balancing Theory Of Capital Structure," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 15(1), pages 77-90, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jfnres:v:15:y:1992:i:1:p:77-90
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6803.1992.tb00788.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Amit Hedau & Shailender Singh & Huwati Janor, 2018. "Determinants Of Capital Structure – A Sector Specific Approach," Romanian Economic Business Review, Romanian-American University, vol. 13(4), pages 14-30, december.
    2. Joliet, Robert & Muller, Aline, 2013. "Capital structure effects of international expansion," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 23(5), pages 375-393.
    3. Sanjiva Prasad & Christopher J. Green & Victor Murinde, 2005. "Company Financial Structure: A Survey and Implications for Developing Economies," Chapters, in: Christopher J. Green & Colin Kirkpatrick & Victor Murinde (ed.), Finance and Development, chapter 12, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    4. Akjhigbe, Aigbe & Harikumar, T., 1996. "Seasoned equity offerings by all-equity firms," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 5(4), pages 417-428.
    5. Sanjiva Prasad & Christopher J. Green & Victor Murinde, 2001. "Company Financing, Captial Structure, and Ownership: A Survey, and Implications for Developing Economies," SUERF Studies, SUERF - The European Money and Finance Forum, number 12 edited by Morten Balling, May.
    6. D’Mello, Ranjan & Gruskin, Mark, 2021. "To be or not to be all-equity for firms that eliminate long-term debt," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 183-206.
    7. Lai, Kam-Wah, 2011. "The cost of debt when all-equity firms raise sfinance: The role of investment opportunities, audit quality and debt maturity," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 1931-1940, August.
    8. Debabrata Datta & Babita Agarwal, 2014. "Corporate Investment Behaviour in India During 1998–2012," Paradigm, , vol. 18(1), pages 87-102, June.
    9. Kale, Jayant R. & Ryan, Harley E. & Wang, Lingling, 2019. "Outside employment opportunities, employee productivity, and debt discipline," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 142-161.
    10. F. Schoubben & C. Van Hulle, 2004. "The Determinants of Leverage. Differences between Quoted and Non Quoted Firms," Review of Business and Economic Literature, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Review of Business and Economic Literature, vol. 0(4), pages 589-621.
    11. Shumi Akhtar, 2017. "Capital structure of multinational and domestic corporations – a cross-country comparison," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 57(2), pages 319-349, June.

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