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The Market Value of Corporate Votes: Theory and Evidence from Option Prices

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  • AVNER KALAY
  • OǦUZHAN KARAKAŞ
  • SHAGUN PANT

Abstract

type="main"> This paper proposes a new method using option prices to estimate the market value of the shareholder voting rights associated with a stock. The method consists of synthesizing a nonvoting share using put-call parity, and comparing its price to that of the underlying stock. Empirically, we find this measure of the value of voting rights to be positive and increasing in the time to expiration of synthetic stocks. The measure also increases around special shareholder meetings, periods of hedge fund activism, and M&A events. The method is likely useful in studies of corporate control and also has asset pricing implications.

Suggested Citation

  • Avner Kalay & Oǧuzhan Karakaş & Shagun Pant, 2014. "The Market Value of Corporate Votes: Theory and Evidence from Option Prices," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(3), pages 1235-1271, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jfinan:v:69:y:2014:i:3:p:1235-1271
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/jofi.12132
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    Cited by:

    1. Lesmeister, Simon & Limbach, Peter & Goergen, Marc, 2022. "Trust and monitoring," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    2. Braggion, Fabio & Giannetti, Mariassunta, 2019. "Changing corporate governance norms: Evidence from dual class shares in the UK," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 15-27.
    3. Docherty, Paul & Easton, Steve & Pinder, Sean, 2021. "Flights-to-control: Time variation in the value of a vote," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    4. Feldhütter, Peter & Hotchkiss, Edith & Karakaş, Oğuzhan, 2016. "The value of creditor control in corporate bonds," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(1), pages 1-27.
    5. Oğuzhan Karakas & Mahdi Mohseni, 2021. "Staggered Boards and the Value of Voting Rights [One share-one vote: The empirical evidence]," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 10(3), pages 513-550.
    6. Anne-Marie Anderson & Nandu Nayar, 2022. "Can regulation enhancing the shareholder franchise increase firm value?," Journal of Regulatory Economics, Springer, vol. 61(3), pages 191-221, June.
    7. Colonnello, Stefano & Efing, Matthias & Zucchi, Francesca, 2016. "Empty creditors and strong shareholders: The real effects of credit risk trading," IWH Discussion Papers 10/2016, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
    8. Da‐Hea Kim, 2022. "Investment horizon and option market activity," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(5), pages 923-958, May.
    9. Cristina Mabel Scherrer & Marcelo Fernandes, 2016. "Disentangling the Effect of Private and Public Cash Flows on Firm Value," Working Papers 800, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    10. Yu-En Lin & Hsiang-Hsuan Chih & Chia-Hsin Cheng & Yan-Qing Ku, 2016. "Market Competition, Arbitrage Risk, And Capital Structure: Evidence From Taiwan," Annals of Financial Economics (AFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 11(01), pages 1-11, March.
    11. Johann Caro‐Burnett, 2022. "Optimal voting rules for international organizations, with an application to the United Nations," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 24(6), pages 1463-1501, December.
    12. Cristina Mabel Scherrer & Marcelo Fernandes, 2016. "Disentangling the Effect of Private and Public Cash Flows on Firm Value," Working Papers 800, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    13. André Schmidt, 2017. "Determinants of Corporate Voting – Evidence from a Large Survey of German Retail Investors," Schmalenbach Business Review, Springer;Schmalenbach-Gesellschaft, vol. 18(1), pages 71-103, February.
    14. Khalfan, Twahir M. & Wendt, Stefan, 2020. "The impact of ownership concentration on payout across Nordic firms," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    15. Malenko, Nadya & Levit, Doron & Maug, Ernst, 2021. "The voting premium," CEPR Discussion Papers 15718, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    16. Kwon, Sewon & Ahn, Jae Hwan & Kim, Gi H., 2021. "The impact of shareholder intervention on overinvestment of free cash flow by overconfident CEOs," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    17. Lin, Chih-Yung & Tsai, Wei-Che & Hasan, Iftekhar & Tuan, Le Quoc, 2018. "Private benefits of control and bank loan contracts," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 324-343.
    18. Jianfeng Hu, 2020. "Is the synthetic stock price really lower than actual price?," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(12), pages 1809-1824, December.
    19. Tongxia Li & Tze Chuan ‘Chewie’ Ang, 2022. "Corporate vote trading in Australia," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(S1), pages 1065-1105, April.

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