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The Risks and Benefits of Differentiated Integration in the European Union as Perceived by Academic Experts

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  • Sandra Kröger
  • Thomas Loughran

Abstract

This article sheds light on how academic experts assess the benefits and risks of differentiated integration (DI) in the European Union (EU). DI denotes particular member states either being allowed to opt out of specific EU policies, or being excluded or exempted from participating in them until certain conditions are met. The findings of a novel expert survey (n = 95) highlight two key divisions amongst experts, namely, first a regional divide between scholars based in Western Europe and those based in Eastern Europe, with the former more favourable to DI than the latter; and second, a substantive divide between those, more numerous, who are favourable to DI, and those who are more critical. For the former, the perceived benefits outweigh the perceived risks. What drives the support of or objection to DI also differs between experts. Whereas supporters favour pragmatic reasons for DI, opponents mostly mobilize principled reasons against it.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandra Kröger & Thomas Loughran, 2022. "The Risks and Benefits of Differentiated Integration in the European Union as Perceived by Academic Experts," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(3), pages 702-720, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jcmkts:v:60:y:2022:i:3:p:702-720
    DOI: 10.1111/jcms.13301
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Benjamin Leruth & Stefan Gänzle & Jarle Trondal, 2019. "Differentiated Integration and Disintegration in the EU after Brexit: Risks versus Opportunities," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(6), pages 1383-1394, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sandra Kröger & Maria Dede, 2022. "Differentiated integration in the European Union: Its role for cooperating with nonmembers and for the EU’s future as perceived by academic experts," RSCAS Working Papers 2022/63, European University Institute.
    2. Tian, Yuan & Sun, Chuanwang & Ren, Yi & Liu, Kang & Zuo, Zulin, 2023. "Tax competition, spatial correlation and regional integration development——Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).

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