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Off-farm Employment and Input Intensification among Smallholder Maize Farmers in Kenya

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  • Mary K. Mathenge
  • Melinda Smale
  • David Tschirley

Abstract

type="main" xml:id="jage12093-abs-0001"> We derive input demand functions for fertiliser and hybrid seed, testing for the combined and separate effects of income from non-farm sources and agricultural wage labour among smallholder maize farmers in Kenya. More income from off-farm sources, and specifically non-farm sources, competes with maize intensification, particularly in more productive areas where use rates are higher. In less productive areas, where households rely more on off-farm income and input use in maize is extremely low, agricultural wage labour reduces the likelihood that fertiliser is applied, but when used, has a positive effect on quantities purchased of both seed and fertiliser.

Suggested Citation

  • Mary K. Mathenge & Melinda Smale & David Tschirley, 2015. "Off-farm Employment and Input Intensification among Smallholder Maize Farmers in Kenya," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 66(2), pages 519-536, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jageco:v:66:y:2015:i:2:p:519-536
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/jage.2015.66.issue-2
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    Cited by:

    1. Mekonnen, Dawit K. & Dorfman, Jeffrey H., 2017. "Synergy and Learning Effects of Informal Labor-Sharing Arrangements," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1-14.
    2. Qian, Long & Lu, Hua & Gao, Qiang & Lu, Hualiang, 2022. "Household-owned farm machinery vs. outsourced machinery services: The impact of agricultural mechanization on the land leasing behavior of relatively large-scale farmers in China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    3. Dzanku, Fred Mawunyo, 2019. "Food security in rural sub-Saharan Africa: Exploring the nexus between gender, geography and off-farm employment," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 26-43.
    4. Justus Ochieng & Lilian Kirimi & Dennis O. Ochieng & Timothy Njagi & Mary Mathenge & Raphael Gitau & Miltone Ayieko, 2020. "Managing climate risk through crop diversification in rural Kenya," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 162(3), pages 1107-1125, October.
    5. Varma, P., 2018. "Adoption and the Impact of System of Rice Intensification on Rice Yields and Household Income: A study for India," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 275986, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    6. Kusunose, Yoko & Tembo, Solomon & Mason, Nicole M., 2015. "Do crop income shocks widen disparities in smallholder agricultural investments? Panel survey evidence from Zambia," 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 26-28, San Francisco, California 205555, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    7. Ma, Wanglin & Renwick, Alan & Grafton, Quentin, 2018. "Farm machinery use, off-farm employment and farm performance in China," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 62(2), April.
    8. Zhang, Yingnan & Long, Hualou & Li, Yurui & Ge, Dazhuan & Tu, Shuangshuang, 2020. "How does off-farm work affect chemical fertilizer application? Evidence from China’s mountainous and plain areas," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    9. Jindo, Keiji & Schut, Antonius G.T. & Langeveld, Johannes W.A., 2020. "Sustainable intensification in Western Kenya: Who will benefit?," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    10. Ströh de Martínez, Christiane & Feddersen, Marietta & Speicher, Anna, 2016. "Food security in sub-Saharan Africa: a fresh look on agricultural mechanisation. How adapted financial solutions can make a difference," IDOS Studies, German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), volume 91, number 91, July.
    11. Varma, Poornima, 2016. "Agricultural Technology Adoption under Multiple Constraints: An Analysis of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in India," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 235806, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    12. Dzanku, Fred Mawunyo, 2018. "The gender and geography of rural off-farm employment and input intensification in five sub-Saharan African countries," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 37-51.
    13. Varma, Poornima, 2017. "Adoption of System of Rice Intensification and its Impact on Rice Yields and Household Income: An Analysis for India," IIMA Working Papers WP2017-02-03, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department.
    14. Ma, Wanglin & Renwick, Alan & Nie, Peng & Tang, Jianjun & Cai, Rong, 2018. "Off-farm work, smartphone use and household income: Evidence from rural China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 80-94.
    15. Abraham Amoussouga Gero, 2024. "A new insight impact of off-farm work on food security of smallholders: evidence of heterogeneous effects from Benin," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 26(2), pages 683-703, August.

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