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The Geography of Innovation in China and India

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  • Riccardo Crescenzi
  • Andrés Rodríguez‐Pose

Abstract

The BRICS countries in general, and China and India in particular, are now widely regarded as the areas of the world likely to challenge the economic leadership of the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). A large part of this challenge will come from rapid technological catch‐up by China and India. Yet, despite a recent rise in interest, there is limited knowledge about how and where innovation takes place in these two leading emerging countries and to what extent the Chinese and Indian territorial systems of innovation differ from those in the EU or the US. In this article we explore the geography of innovation in China and India, concentrating on understanding key territorial‐level innovation trends by country, region and technology field, using the US and the EU as benchmarks. We find significant contrasts between the geography of innovation in China and India and that of the US and the EU. First, the degree of concentration of innovative activities in both countries is extremely high. Levels of agglomeration of innovation in the coastal provinces of China, as well as in Delhi and the South of India, significantly exceed the levels of agglomeration found in the USA and the EU. Secondly, China has witnessed a more rapid increase in the degree of concentration of innovation than India. We posit that the differences in the geography of innovation between, on the one hand, China and India and, on the other hand, between these countries and the developed world are rooted in different institutional settings, different systems of innovation and different national innovation strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Riccardo Crescenzi & Andrés Rodríguez‐Pose, 2017. "The Geography of Innovation in China and India," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(6), pages 1010-1027, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:41:y:2017:i:6:p:1010-1027
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.12554
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    1. Frederick Guy, 2020. "Who wants their city to become a world city? Comment on “Expanding the international trade and investment policy agenda: The role of cities and services”," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 3(3), pages 224-228, September.
    2. Frederick Guy, 0. "Who wants their city to become a world city? Comment on “Expanding the international trade and investment policy agenda: The role of cities and services”," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 0, pages 1-5.
    3. Pieter E. Stek, 2020. "Mapping high R&D city-regions worldwide: a patent heat map approach," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(1), pages 279-296, February.
    4. Zeng Gang & Zhang Yi & Cao Xianzhong, 2023. "Cross-Border knowledge pipelines and innovation performance of chinese firms: evidence from Zhangjiang in Shanghai," ZFW – Advances in Economic Geography, De Gruyter, vol. 67(1), pages 33-46, May.
    5. Jin, Peizhen & Peng, Chong & Song, Malin, 2019. "Macroeconomic uncertainty, high-level innovation, and urban green development performance in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 1-18.
    6. Pang, Silu & Hua, Guihong & Liu, Hui, 2023. "How do R&D capital market distortions affect innovation efficiency in China? Some evidence about spatial interaction and spillover effects," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    7. Jiangyuan Fu & Huidan Xue & Fayuan Wang & Liming Wang, 2023. "The Impact of High-Quality Energy Development and Technological Innovation on the Real Economy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China: A Spatial Economic and Threshold Effect Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-14, January.
    8. Andrea Coveri & Antonello Zanfei, 2023. "Who wins the race for knowledge-based competitiveness? Comparing European and North American FDI patterns," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 292-330, February.
    9. Amendolagine, Vito & Chaminade, Cristina & Guimón, José & Rabellotti, Roberta, 2019. "Cross-border knowledge flows through R&D FDI: Implications for low- and middle-income countries," Papers in Innovation Studies 2019/9, Lund University, CIRCLE - Centre for Innovation Research.
    10. Liu, Jiali & Zhou, Haibo & Chen, Feng & Yu, Jiang, 2022. "The coevolution of innovation ecosystems and the strategic growth paths of knowledge-intensive enterprises: The case of China’s integrated circuit design industry," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 428-439.
    11. Min Zhang & Mark D. Partridge & Huasheng Song, 2020. "Amenities and the geography of innovation: evidence from Chinese cities," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 65(1), pages 105-145, August.
    12. Fischer, Bruno & Meissner, Dirk & Vonortas, Nicholas & Guerrero, Maribel, 2022. "Spatial features of entrepreneurial ecosystems," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 27-36.
    13. André Cherubini Alves & Bruno Brandão Fischer & Nicholas S. Vonortas, 2021. "Ecosystems of entrepreneurship: configurations and critical dimensions," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 67(1), pages 73-106, August.
    14. Liu, Jiali & Yu, Jiang & Chen, Feng & Zhang, Yaokun & Li, Bo, 2022. "How latecomers strategically respond to global-local resources and leverage local ecosystems: Evidence from China's integrated circuit design firms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    15. Zhan, Feng & Proelss, Juliane & Schweizer, Denis, 2020. "China: From imitator to innovator?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    16. Jin, Peizhen & Mangla, Sachin Kumar & Song, Malin, 2022. "The power of innovation diffusion: How patent transfer affects urban innovation quality," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 414-425.
    17. Ajax Persaud & Javid Zare, 2023. "Institutional varieties, governance quality, and firm‐level innovation in emerging economies: Case of India," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(1), pages 234-259, March.
    18. Min Zhang & Seung‐hun Chung, 2020. "Is air pollution detrimental to regional innovation? Evidence from Chinese cities," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(4), pages 1657-1689, December.
    19. Emanuele Felice & Iacopo Odoardi & Dario D’Ingiullo, 2023. "The Chinese Inland-Coastal Inequality: The Role of Human Capital and the 2007–2008 Crisis Watershed," Italian Economic Journal: A Continuation of Rivista Italiana degli Economisti and Giornale degli Economisti, Springer;Società Italiana degli Economisti (Italian Economic Association), vol. 9(2), pages 761-788, July.
    20. S. S. Lachininskii & A. S. Mikhaylov & D. N. Samusenko & A. A. Mikhaylova & I. S. Sorokin, 2019. "Coastal Cities and Agglomerations in the Innovative Space of Western Russia," Regional Research of Russia, Springer, vol. 9(4), pages 396-405, October.
    21. Tao, Zhuang & Shuliang, Zhao, 2022. "Collaborative innovation relationship in Yangtze River Delta of China: Subjects collaboration and spatial correlation," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).

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