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Accra's Sounds and Sacred Spaces

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  • MARLEEN DE WITTE

Abstract

This article explores the sonic sacralization of urban space in the multicultural city of Accra. In Ghanaian cities today religious groups increasingly vie for public presence. It is especially the religious manifestation in the urban soundscape, most forcefully by charismatic‐Pentecostal churches and preachers, that has of late generated controversy. While charismatic‐Pentecostal ‘noisemaking’ leads to conflicts all year round, it is especially during the annual traditional ‘ban on drumming and noisemaking’ that the religious confrontation over sound and silence in the city comes to full and violent expression. Approaching the articulation between religiosity and urban space through the aural, this article examines how religious sound practices create, occupy and compete for urban space. Comparing the nexus of religion, urban space and aurality in charismatic Pentecostalism and Ga traditional religion, it seeks to establish two points. First, that behind the apparent opposition between Pentecostalism and traditional religion is a difference in religious spatiality, but a remarkable similarity in the place of sound in relation to the spiritual. Second, it argues that the religious clash over sonic sacralization of urban space should not only be understood as a competition for symbolic control of spaces, but also as a spiritual struggle over the invisible, but all the more affective powers felt to be present in the city. Résumé Cet article s’intéresse à la sacralisation sonore de l’espace urbain dans la cité multiculturelle d’Accra. Dans les villes ghanéennes, les groupes religieux rivalisent aujourd’hui de plus en plus pour gagner en présence publique. La dimension sonore des manifestations religieuses, particulièrement énergique de la part des églises et pasteurs pentecôtistes charismatiques, a récemment suscité une controverse. Alors que la “génération de bruit” pentecôtiste charismatique crée des différends tout au long de l’année, c’est surtout pendant l’interdiction annuelle traditionnelle sur les tambours et le bruit que l’affrontement religieux relatif au “son et silence” s’exprime pleinement et violemment dans la ville. Abordant l’articulation entre religiosité et espace urbain à travers la dimension auditive, cet article examine comment les pratiques sonores religieuses créent, occupent et luttent pour l’espace urbain. Deux points sont dégagés en comparant le lien entre religion, espace urbain et nature auditive dans le Pentecôtisme charismatique et la religion traditionnelle Ga : en premier lieu, derrière l’apparente opposition entre le Pentecôtisme et la religion traditionnelle, on trouve une différence de spatialité religieuse, mais une étonnante similitude dans l’importance du son par rapport au spirituel en second lieu, le désaccord religieux concernant la sacralisation sonore de l’espace urbain ne devrait pas être appréhendé uniquement comme une rivalité en vue d’un contrôle symbolique des espaces, mais aussi comme une lutte spirituelle contre les puissances invisibles, et d’autant plus affectives, perçues dans la ville.

Suggested Citation

  • Marleen De Witte, 2008. "Accra's Sounds and Sacred Spaces," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(3), pages 690-709, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:32:y:2008:i:3:p:690-709
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00805.x
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    1. Erwan Dianteill, 2002. "Deterritorialization and Reterritorialization of the Orisha Religion in Africa and the New World (Nigeria, Cuba and the United States)," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 121-137, March.
    2. André Mary, 2002. "Pilgrimage to Imeko (Nigeria): An African Church in the Time of the ‘Global Village’," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 106-120, March.
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