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Spaces of Difference: Reflections from Toronto on Multiculturalism, Bourgeois Urbanism and the Possibility of Radical Urban Politics

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  • KANISHKA GOONEWARDENA
  • STEFAN KIPFER

Abstract

What explains the lack of what Mike Davis famously called ‘magical urbanism’— referring to the increasingly influential and potentially radical role played by Latino immigrants in US politics — in such diverse Canadian cities as Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver? This article points out how the Canadian legacy of multiculturalism constitutes one key cause of the failure of left urban politics in Canada to produce yet anything approaching the promise of ‘magical urbanism’ south of the border, especially by underlining how this bulwark of liberal ideology lends itself so readily to some resilient variations of bourgeois urbanism — including the commodification of difference, most recently under the auspices of Richard Florida's ‘creative class’. Against the pluralism of the food court and the shopping mall, both in its official multicultural and seemingly oppositional ‘hybrid’ forms, are radical approaches to difference in the city still possible — in Canada or elsewhere? The authors argue that the concepts of ‘maximal’ and ‘produced’ (vis‐à‐vis ‘minimal’ and ‘induced’) difference and the politics of ‘the right to the city’ elaborated by Henri Lefebvre — in conjunction with the reflections on subaltern experiences of difference by critics such as Himani Bannerji and Ambalavanar Sivanandan — indeed provide a starting point for radical urban politics. Comment expliquer, dans des villes canadiennes aussi différentes que Toronto, Montréal ou Vancouver, l’absence de ce que Mike Davis a appelé‘l’urbanisme magique’ en parlant du rôle de plus en plus influent, voire radical, des immigrants latinoaméricain dans la politique des États‐unis? L’héritage canadien du multiculturalisme explique d’abord pourquoi la politique urbaine de gauche n’a encore rien pu produire au Canada qui s’approcherait de la promesse d’un ‘urbanisme magique’ comme au sud de la frontière. L’article souligne notamment comment ce rempart d’idéologie libérale se prête si facilement à quelques variantes résistantes d’urbanisme bourgeois, dont la banalisation de la différence, tout récemment sous les auspices de la ‘classe créative’ de Richard Florida. Face au pluralisme de l’aire de restauration et du centre commercial, tous deux sous des formes ‘hybrides’ multiculturelles et aparemment contradictoires, des approches radicales de la différence dans la ville sont‐elles encore possibles, au Canada ou ailleurs? Les concepts de différence ‘maximale’ et ‘produite’ (par opposition à‘minimale’ et ‘induite’) et la politique du ‘droit à la ville’ conçue par Henri Lefebvre — alliés aux réflexions sur des expériences de différence subalternes émanant de critiques tels que Himani Bannerji et Ambalavanar Sivanandan — offrent indubitablement un point de départ pour une politique urbaine radicale.

Suggested Citation

  • Kanishka Goonewardena & Stefan Kipfer, 2005. "Spaces of Difference: Reflections from Toronto on Multiculturalism, Bourgeois Urbanism and the Possibility of Radical Urban Politics," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 670-678, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:29:y:2005:i:3:p:670-678
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00611.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Heather McLean, 2018. "Regulating and resisting queer creativity: Community-engaged arts practice in the neoliberal city," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(16), pages 3563-3578, December.
    2. Emil van Eck & Iris Hagemans & Jan Rath, 2020. "The ambiguity of diversity: Management of ethnic and class transitions in a gentrifying local shopping street," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(16), pages 3299-3314, December.
    3. Antonie Schmiz, 2019. "Sari vs. Dim Sum – Business Improvement Areas and the Branding of Toronto's Ethnic Neighbourhoods," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 110(5), pages 566-578, December.
    4. Heather E. McLean, 2014. "Cracks in the Creative City: The Contradictions of Community Arts Practice," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(6), pages 2156-2173, November.
    5. Outi Kulusjärvi, 2020. "Towards just production of tourism space via dialogical everyday politics in destination communities," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 38(4), pages 751-767, June.
    6. Francis Leo Collins & Wardlow Friesen, 2011. "Making the Most of Diversity? The Intercultural City Project and a Rescaled Version of Diversity in Auckland, New Zealand," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 48(14), pages 3067-3085, November.
    7. Ilaria Giglioli, 2017. "From 'A Frontier Land' to 'A Piece of North Africa in Italy': The Changing Politics of 'Tunisianness' in Mazara del Vallo, Sicily," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(5), pages 749-766, September.
    8. Japhy Wilson, 2014. "The Violence of Abstract Space: Contested Regional Developments in Southern Mexico," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(2), pages 516-538, March.
    9. Katharine N Rankin & Jim Delaney, 2011. "Community BIAs as Practices of Assemblage: Contingent Politics in the Neoliberal City," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 43(6), pages 1363-1380, June.

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