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The Third China? Emerging industrial districts in rural China

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  • Brad Christerson
  • Constance Lever‐Tracy

Abstract

While the growth of postfordist industrial districts in certain locations in the developed world has been well documented, the impact of the shift toward flexible production in the so‐called third world has received less attention. This paper is an attempt to incorporate the dynamic, networked, manufacturing family firms in parts of China into the flexible industrial district debate. We argue that dense networks of small firms emerging in rural China in many ways resemble the industrial districts of the ‘Third Italy’ and elsewhere: they are globally competitive in producing for fast‐changing fashionable market niches, they contain networks of relatively autonomous small firms which are at least partially locally owned and managed and which often take part in high‐value activities such as design and marketing. We suggest that the social embeddedness of investment and production linkages with ethnic Chinese firms in Hong Kong and Taiwan may be an effective substitute for the spatial concentration of suppliers, producers, designers, and final markets, which is recognized as an important source of innovation and flexibility in core industrial districts. Alors que la croissance des régions industrielles post‐fordistes dans certaines parties du monde développé a été bien documentée, l’effet du changement vers la production flexible dans le soi‐disant troisième monde a reçu moins d’attention. Cet article tente d’incorporer le réseau d’entreprises industrielles familiales dynamiques de certaines régions de la Chine dans le débat sur les régions industrielles flexibles. Nous pensons que ces denses réseaux de petites entreprises émergeant en Chine rurale ressemblent sous bien des rapports aux régions industrielles de la ‘Troisième Italie’ et d’ailleurs: ils sont compétitifs globalement en ce que leur production est pour des niches de marchéà la mode qui changent rapidement, ils contiennent des réseaux de petites entreprises relativement autonomes dont les propriétaires et managers sont, au moins en partie, locaux, et qui participent souvent à des activités de valeur élevée comme le design et le marketing. Nous suggérons que l’engagement social de l’investissement et des liens de production avec les entreprises ethniques chinoises de Hong Kong et Taïıwan peuvent fournir un remplacement efficace à la concentration spatiale des fournisseurs, producteurs, et marchés terminaux, qui est reconnue comme une source importante d’innovation et de flexibilité dans les régions industrielles centrales.

Suggested Citation

  • Brad Christerson & Constance Lever‐Tracy, 1997. "The Third China? Emerging industrial districts in rural China," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(4), pages 569-588, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:21:y:1997:i:4:p:569-588
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00102
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    Cited by:

    1. Yeung, Henry Wai-chung & Liu, Weidong & Dicken, Peter, 2006. "Transnational corporations and network effects of a local manufacturing cluster in mobile telecommunications equipment in China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 520-540, March.
    2. Zhanping Hu & Qian Forrest Zhang, 2022. "The Resilience of Diversified Clusters: Reconfiguring Commodity Networks in Rural China during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Simon Reid-Henry, 2008. "Scientific Innovation and Non-Western Regional Economies: Cuban Biotechnology's ‘Experimental Milieu’," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 40(8), pages 1966-1986, August.
    4. Carney, Michael & Duran, Patricio & van Essen, Marc & Shapiro, Daniel, 2017. "Family firms, internationalization, and national competitiveness: Does family firm prevalence matter?," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 8(3), pages 123-136.
    5. Allen J. Scott, 2005. "Competitive Dynamics of Southern California's Clothing Industry," Urban/Regional 0511015, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Allen J. Scott, 2002. "Competitive Dynamics of Southern California's Clothing Industry: The Widening Global Connection and its Local Ramifications," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 39(8), pages 1287-1306, July.
    7. Musso, Fabio & Francioni, Barbara, 2011. "Foreign Markets Entry Mode Decision for Italian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises," MPRA Paper 50067, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 31 Oct 2011.
    8. Loo, Becky P. Y., 2002. "The Textile and Clothing Industries Under the Fifth Kondratieff Wave: Some Insights from the Case of Hong Kong," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 30(5), pages 847-872, May.
    9. Scott, Allen J., 2006. "The Changing Global Geography of Low-Technology, Labor-Intensive Industry: Clothing, Footwear, and Furniture," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 34(9), pages 1517-1536, September.
    10. Barbieri, Elisa & Di Tommaso, Marco R. & Pollio, Chiara & Rubini, Lauretta, 2020. "Getting the specialization right. Industrialization in Southern China in a sustainable development perspective," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).

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