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Revisiting income convergence in Turkey: Are there convergence clubs?

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  • Tolga Aksoy
  • Hüseyin Taştan
  • Özge Kama

Abstract

This paper investigates club convergence in per capita income across 81 NUTS‐III regions in Turkey over the 1987–2017 period using the procedure suggested by Phillips and Sul. Based on a nonlinear factor model that allows for transitional heterogeneity, our econometric approach enables us to test the presence of convergence clusters and to examine their transitional behavior. We obtain strong evidence that there is no absolute or conditional convergence but convergence clubs across Turkish regions: five clubs in the first period covering 1987–2001 and six clubs in the second period covering 2004–2017. The geographical distribution of clubs suggests a clear separation between the eastern and the western regions of Turkey for both periods. While geography may be destiny, results from an ordered logit model reveal that initial income per capita, human capital, and total credits are the most important determinants of convergence clubs in Turkey.

Suggested Citation

  • Tolga Aksoy & Hüseyin Taştan & Özge Kama, 2019. "Revisiting income convergence in Turkey: Are there convergence clubs?," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(3), pages 1185-1217, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:growch:v:50:y:2019:i:3:p:1185-1217
    DOI: 10.1111/grow.12310
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    Cited by:

    1. Sayel Basel & R. Prabhakara Rao & K. U. Gopakumar, 2021. "Analysis of club convergence for economies: identification and testing using development indices," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 5(3), pages 885-908, October.
    2. Pinar, Mehmet, 2024. "Convergence in renewable energy innovation and factors influencing convergence club formation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    3. Sedat Alataş & Erkam Sarı, 2021. "An Empirical Investigation on Regional Disparities in Public Expenditures: Province Level Evidence from Turkey," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 158(1), pages 217-240, November.
    4. Taştan, Hüseyin & Yıldız, Hakan, 2023. "Club convergence analysis of city-level electricity consumption in Turkey," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    5. Ensar Yılmaz & Zeynep Kaplan, 2022. "Regional polarization in Turkey," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(1), pages 410-431, March.
    6. Barrios González, María Candelaria & Tierney, Heather L.R. & Nazarov, Zafar & Kim, Myeong Hwan, 2019. "Divided: The Two Americas-Examining Club Convergence in the U.S," MPRA Paper 98274, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Uğur Ursavaş & Carlos Mendez, 2023. "Regional income convergence and conditioning factors in Turkey: revisiting the role of spatial dependence and neighbor effects," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 71(2), pages 363-389, October.

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