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Differential Employment Patterns for Citizens and Non‐Citizens in Science and Engineering in the United States: Minting and Competitive Effects

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  • Sharon G. Levin
  • Grant C. Black
  • Anne E. Winkler
  • Paula E. Stephan

Abstract

ABSTRACT The consequences of the heavy inflow of foreign talent for U.S. scientists and engineers over the period 1973‐1997 are examined using data from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients. Of particular interest is whether non‐citizens trained in the United States have displaced citizens from jobs in science and engineering (S&E). Using a novel adaptation of the shift‐share technique, it is shown that citizen S&E doctorates have fewer jobs in S&E and fewer academic jobs than their non‐citizen counterparts for two reasons: the citizen doctoral population has experienced slower growth than the non‐citizen doctoral population, and citizen S&E doctorates have been displaced. Whether the displacement observed was a voluntary response of citizens to the lure of better opportunities elsewhere or an involuntary response indicative of having been pushed out by foreign talent remains to be determined.

Suggested Citation

  • Sharon G. Levin & Grant C. Black & Anne E. Winkler & Paula E. Stephan, 2004. "Differential Employment Patterns for Citizens and Non‐Citizens in Science and Engineering in the United States: Minting and Competitive Effects," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(4), pages 456-475, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:growch:v:35:y:2004:i:4:p:456-475
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2257.2004.00257.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Robert A. Pollak, 1998. "Notes on How Economists Think . . ," JCPR Working Papers 35, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research.
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    Cited by:

    1. George J. Borjas, 2009. "Immigration in High-Skill Labor Markets: The Impact of Foreign Students on the Earnings of Doctorates," NBER Chapters, in: Science and Engineering Careers in the United States: An Analysis of Markets and Employment, pages 131-161, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. John V. Winters, 2017. "Do Native STEM Graduates Increase Innovation? Evidence from U.S. Metropolitan Areas," Economics Working Paper Series 1714, Oklahoma State University, Department of Economics and Legal Studies in Business.
    3. Giovanni Peri & Chad Sparber, 2011. "Highly Educated Immigrants and Native Occupational Choice," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(3), pages 385-411, July.
    4. Takao Kato & Chad Sparber, 2013. "Quotas and Quality: The Effect of H-1B Visa Restrictions on the Pool of Prospective Undergraduate Students from Abroad," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 95(1), pages 109-126, March.
    5. Wang, Zhiling & Pastore, Francesco & Karreman, Bas & van Oort, Frank, 2021. "Do International Study Programmes Pay off for Local Students?," IZA Discussion Papers 14374, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Paula E. Stephan, 2010. "The "I"s Have It: Immigration and Innovation, the Perspective from Academe," Innovation Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 10(1), pages 83-127.

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