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Speed of Issuance, Lender Specialization, and the Rise of the 144A Debt Market

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  • Rongbing Huang
  • Gabriel G. Ramírez

Abstract

Using a large sample of convertible and straight debt issues in the public, 144A, and bank loan markets from 1991 to 2004, we find that the 144A market has risen largely at the expense of the nonshelf public market, the overwhelming majority of the 144A issues are subsequently registered, and straight debt issuers with the highest credit quality and transparency tend to use the shelf public market. Our findings suggest that firms’ preference for speed of issuance drives the growth of the 144A market, and banks and qualified institutional buyers have advantages over public lenders in handling credit risk and information asymmetry.

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  • Rongbing Huang & Gabriel G. Ramírez, 2010. "Speed of Issuance, Lender Specialization, and the Rise of the 144A Debt Market," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 39(2), pages 643-673, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:finmgt:v:39:y:2010:i:2:p:643-673
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-053X.2010.01087.x
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    1. Jonathan A. Batten & Karren Lee-Hwei Khaw & Martin R. Young, 2014. "Convertible Bond Pricing Models," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(5), pages 775-803, December.
    2. Marle, Mats van & Verwijmeren, Patrick, 2017. "The long and the short of convertible arbitrage: An empirical examination of arbitrageurs’ holding periods," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 237-249.
    3. Grundy, Bruce D. & Verwijmeren, Patrick & Yang, Antti, 2024. "Intermediary frictions and convertible bond pricing," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    4. Daniels, Kenneth N. & Hurtado, Fernando Díaz & Ramírez, Gabriel G., 2013. "An empirical investigation of corporate bond clawbacks (IPOCs): Debt renegotiation versus exercising the clawback option," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 14-21.
    5. Basu, Anup K. & Dulleck, Uwe, 2020. "Why do (some) consumers purchase complex financial products? An experimental study on investment in hybrid securities," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 203-220.
    6. Dutordoir, Marie & Lewis, Craig & Seward, James & Veld, Chris, 2014. "What we do and do not know about convertible bond financing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 3-20.
    7. Kelvin Jui Keng Tan & Jia Min Lee & Robert W. Faff & Kathy Walsh, 2016. "Short-selling pressure and last-resort debt finance: evidence from 144A high-yield risk-adjusted debt," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 56(4), pages 1149-1185, December.
    8. Hackney, John & Henry, Tyler R. & Koski, Jennifer L., 2020. "Arbitrage vs. informed short selling: Evidence from convertible bond issuers," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    9. Arikawa, Yasuhiro & Byoun, Soku & Han, Seung Hun & Pagano, Michael S. & Shin, Yoon S., 2024. "The role of Japanese corporate governance features in explaining rating differences between global and Japanese rating agencies," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    10. Duca, Eric & Dutordoir, Marie & Veld, Chris & Verwijmeren, Patrick, 2012. "Why are convertible bond announcements associated with increasingly negative issuer stock returns? An arbitrage-based explanation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 2884-2899.
    11. Han, Song & Huang, Alan Guoming & Kalimipalli, Madhu & Wang, Ke, 2022. "Information and liquidity of over-the-counter securities: Evidence from public registration of Rule 144A bonds," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 59(PB).
    12. Jadiyappa, Nemiraja & Hickman, L. Emily & Jyothi, Pavana & Vunyale, Narender & Sireesha, Bhanu, 2020. "Does debt diversification impact firm value? Evidence from India," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 362-377.
    13. Brian J. Henderson & Heather Tookes, 2012. "Do Investment Banks' Relationships with Investors Impact Pricing? The Case of Convertible Bond Issues," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 58(12), pages 2272-2291, December.
    14. Song Han & Alan G. Huang & Madhu Kalimipalli & Ke Wang, 2018. "Information and Liquidity of OTC Securities : Evidence from Public Registration of Rule 144A Bonds," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2018-061, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    15. Li, Yingqi & Mittoo, Usha R. & Yu, Xin & Zhang, Zhou, 2021. "The impact of global financial crisis on regulation S private debt market," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 231-248.
    16. Huang, Alan G. & Kalimipalli, Madhu & Nayak, Subhankar & Ramchand, Latha, 2019. "Risk mitigation by institutional participants in the secondary market: Evidence from foreign Rule 144A debt market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 202-221.
    17. Kenneth Daniels & Fernando Díaz & Gabriel Ramírez, 2011. "The Existence of Corporate Bond Clawbacks (IPOCs): Theory and Evidence," Working Papers 28, Facultad de Economía y Empresa, Universidad Diego Portales.
    18. Wassim Dbouk & Dawei Jin & Haizhi Wang & Jianrong Wang, 2018. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Rule 144A Debt Offerings: Empirical Evidence," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-18, November.

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