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Model‐Based Evaluation of Rural Development Policies L’évaluation de la politique de développement rural à partir de modèles Modellgestützte Evaluation von Politikmaßnahmen zur Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums

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  • Thomas G. Johnson
  • Deborah Roberts
  • Timothy R. Wojan

Abstract

Model‐Based Evaluation of Rural Development Policies A primary concern in rural development policy is the impact of government expenditures on economic growth, income and employment. The Socio‐Economic Benefit Assessment System (SEBAS) model developed through academic/government collaboration in the United States is an example of a practical tool for assessing the impact of federal programmes on these key development indicators. The model is based on an interregional social accounting matrix (SAM) and estimates the location and impact (including displacement effects) of economic initiatives. It has been used to examine the impact of loans and grants programmes and rural energy projects on regional value‐added (GDP) and the quantity and quality of employment. Although the challenges of using model‐based assessment are greater in the European Union due to data deficiencies and a complex rural development policy framework, considerable potential exists for deepening understanding of the effectiveness of policy measures, particularly in terms of region‐specific impacts. Results obtained through modelling approaches such as computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, suggest that the impacts of programmes can be smaller than traditionally assumed and that there can also be important re‐distributional effects. There are strong arguments for making modelling a key element in a broad evaluation of rural development policy. Une préoccupation essentielle de la politique de développement rural est l’incidence des dépenses publiques sur la croissance économique, les revenus et l’emploi. Le modèle du Système d’évaluation des avantages socio‐économiques (SEBAS), développé aux États‐Unis dans le cadre d’une collaboration entre universitaires et pouvoirs publics, est un exemple d’outil pratique permettant d’évaluer l’incidence des programmes fédéraux sur les indicateurs‐clé du développement. Le modèle se fonde sur une matrice de comptabilité sociale (MCS) interrégionale et estime la localisation et l’impact (y compris les effets de déplacement) des programmes économiques. Il a été employé pour examiner les incidences de programmes de prêts et de dons en capital, ainsi que de projets ruraux de production d’énergie, sur la valeur ajoutée régionale (PIB) et sur l’emploi en termes quantitatifs et qualitatifs. Si les difficultés que présente une évaluation à partir d’un modèle sont plus importantes dans l’Union européenne du fait du manque de données et de la complexité du cadre de la politique de développement rural, il existe un potentiel considérable d’approfondissement de la compréhension de l’efficacité des mesures gouvernementales, en particulier en ce qui concerne les incidences au niveau régional. Les résultats tirés de modèles comme les modèles d’équilibre général calculables, suggèrent que les incidences des programmes peuvent être moindres que celles traditionnellement considérées et qu’il peut également se produire des effets de redistribution importants. Il existe des arguments solides pour placer la modélisation au sein d’une évaluation à grande portée de la politique de développement rural. Im Zentrum des Interesses der Politik zur Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums stehen u.a. die Auswirkungen der Staatsausgaben für wirtschaftliches Wachstum, Einkommen und Beschäftigung. Das SEBAS‐Modell (Socio‐Economic Benefit Assessment System) entstand in den USA durch wissenschaftlich‐staatliche Zusammenarbeit und stellt ein praktisches Beispiel zur Bewertung der Auswirkungen öffentlicher Programme auf diese zentralen Entwicklungsindikatoren dar. Das Modell stützt sich auf eine überregionale Gesamtrechnungsmatrix (Social Accounting Matrix, SAM) und quantifiziert den Ort und die Wirkung (einschließlich Verdrängungseffekte) wirtschaftlicher Aktivitäten. Das Modell wurde eingesetzt, um die Auswirkungen von Kredit‐/Zuschussprogrammen und von Energieprojekten im ländlichen Raum auf die regionale Wertschöpfung (BIP) und die Beschäftigung sowie deren Qualität zu untersuchen. Obwohl die Herausforderungen bei Verwendung einer modellgestützten Bewertung in der Europäischen Union größer sind, weil es an Daten fehlt und der politische Rahmen zur Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums komplexer ist, so birgt diese Vorgehensweise ebenfalls großes Potenzial, die Wirkungsweise von Politikmaßnahmen, insbesondere deren regionsspezifische Auswirkungen, besser verstehen zu können. Die anhand von Modellansätzen wie z.B. einem Allgemeinen Gleichgewichtsmodell (Computable General Equilibrium Model, CGE Model) erzielten Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Auswirkungen der Programme geringer sein können als üblicherweise angenommen, und dass zudem bedeutende Umverteilungseffekte hervorgerufen werden können. Viele gute Gründe sprechen dafür, modellgestützte Ansätze als zentrales Element in die umfassende Evaluation der Politik zur Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums zu integrieren.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas G. Johnson & Deborah Roberts & Timothy R. Wojan, 2010. "Model‐Based Evaluation of Rural Development Policies L’évaluation de la politique de développement rural à partir de modèles Modellgestützte Evaluation von Politikmaßnahmen zur Entwicklung des ländlic," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 9(1), pages 30-36, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:9:y:2010:i:1:p:30-36
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-692X.2010.00152.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Balamou, Eudokia & Pouliaikas, Kostas & Roberts, Deborah & Psaltopoulos, Demetrios, 2008. "Modeling The Rural-Urban Effects Of Changes In Agricultural Policies: A Bi-Regional Cge Analysis Of Two Case Study Regions," 107th Seminar, January 30-February 1, 2008, Sevilla, Spain 6651, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    4. Mark D. Partridge, 2006. "Community Policy Analysis Modeling, edited by Thomas G. Johnson, Daniel M. Otto, and Steven C. Deller," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(5), pages 995-998, December.
    5. Roberto Esposti, 2007. "Regional Growth and Policies in the European Union: Does the Common Agricultural Policy Have a Counter-Treatment Effect?," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 89(1), pages 116-134.
    6. Mark D. Partridge & Dan S. Rickman, 1998. "Regional Computable General Equilibrium Modeling: A Survey and Critical Appraisal," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 21(3), pages 205-248, December.
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    2. Jaehee Hwang & Jonghoon Park & Seongwoo Lee, 2018. "The Impact of the Comprehensive Rural Village Development Program on Rural Sustainability in Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-21, July.

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