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The Evaluation of Rural Development Policy: Macro and Micro Perspectives L’évaluation de la politique de développement rural: perspectives macro et microéconomiques Die Evaluation der Politik zur Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums: Mikro‐ und Makroperspektiven

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  • Peter Midmore
  • Mark D. Partridge
  • M. Rose Olfert
  • Kamar Ali

Abstract

The Evaluation of Rural Development Policy: Macro and Micro Perspectives Effective rural development (RD) policy requires transparent goals, specific objectives, well‐defined metrics to measure success, and rigorous evaluation to justify sound policy. Such evaluation can employ aggregate indicators of impact (a macro approach) and/or more disaggregated information (a micro approach). Each has its place. Changes in population and population structure provide a key macro indicator of the success of rural development policy, since individuals reveal the attractiveness of rural areas by ‘voting with their feet’. By using additional data on the factors that attract people to rural areas, the targeting of rural development policy can be improved. Policymakers frequently need to examine specific policy initiatives in detail to determine their impact, if any, and how and why they achieve their effects. The example of farm diversification policy in the EU illustrates that information obtained from case studies can help not only to elaborate the impact of policy but also illuminate how that impact is generated. Without complementary in‐depth inquiry, scope for making sense of quantitative indicators, which have been the primary focus of evaluation in the EU, is limited; but without a broad base of measurement, the usefulness of insights derived from case study analysis is also restricted. Pour qu’une politique de développement rurale soit efficace, il faut des buts transparents, des objectifs précis, des unités de mesure du succès bien définies et une évaluation rigoureuse pour justifier une bonne politique. Cette évaluation peut employer des indicateurs d’impact agrégés (approche macroéconomique) et/ou des informations plus désagrégées (approche microéconomique). Chacun a un rôle à jouer. L’évolution de la population ou de sa structure est un indicateur macroéconomique‐clé du succès de la politique de développement rural car les individus révèlent l’attirance d’une zone rurale en “votant avec les pieds”. A l’aide de données supplémentaires sur les facteurs d’attirance vers les zones rurales, le ciblage des politiques de développement rural peut être amélioré. Les décideurs de l’action publique doivent fréquemment examiner en détail les programmes particuliers pour identifier leur incidence, si elle existe, et pour déterminer comment et pourquoi ils produisent leurs effets. L’exemple de la politique de diversification dans l’Union européenne montre que les informations obtenues à partir d’études de cas peuvent aider, non seulement à identifier les incidences de la politique, mais aussi à comprendre comment elles se produisent. Sans une enquête approfondie supplémentaire, l’interprétation des indicateurs quantitatifs sur lesquels porte principalement l’évaluation dans l’Union européenne est limitée; mais sans indicateurs de mesure de grande portée, l’utilité des informations tirées des études de cas est aussi restreinte. Eine effektive Politik zur Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums erfordert transparente und präzise Ziele, klar definierte Messgrößen zur Erfolgsbestimmung sowie eine gründliche Evaluation zur Ausrichtung einer effizienten Politik. Eine solche Evaluation kann sich aggregierter Wirkungsindikatoren (Makroansatz) und/oder disaggregierterer Daten (Mikroansatz) bedienen – beide Informationsebenen sind wichtig. Änderungen in der Bevölkerungszahl und ‐struktur stellen einen entscheidenden Makroindikator für den Erfolg der Politik zur Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums dar, da die Menschen die Attraktivität des ländlichen Raums anhand ihrer Bereitschaft bewerten, sich in diesen Gegenden anzusiedeln („Abstimmung mit den Füßen”). Wenn zusätzlich berücksichtigt wird, weshalb sich Menschen von ländlichen Gegenden angezogen fühlen, führt dies zu einer verbesserten Zielsetzung in der Politik zur Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums. Häufig müssen die Politikakteure bestimmte politische Initiativen ganz genau in Augenschein nehmen, um deren Auswirkungen – falls überhaupt vorhanden – und wie und weshalb diese erzielt werden zu bestimmen. Das Beispiel der Politik zur Förderung der Diversifikation landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe in der EU zeigt, dass Daten aus Fallstudien nicht nur zur Bestimmung von Politikauswirkungen genutzt werden können, sondern auch, um darzulegen, wie diese Auswirkungen hervorgerufen werden. Ohne eine weiterführende vertiefende Datenerhebung kann die eigentliche Bedeutung der quantitativen Indikatoren, auf die sich die Evaluation in der EU konzentriert, nur begrenzt ermittelt werden. Allerdings ist ohne eine hinreichende Breite der Datenerfassung der Nutzwert der Ergebnisse aus der Fallstudienanalyse ebenso eingeschränkt.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Midmore & Mark D. Partridge & M. Rose Olfert & Kamar Ali, 2010. "The Evaluation of Rural Development Policy: Macro and Micro Perspectives L’évaluation de la politique de développement rural: perspectives macro et microéconomiques Die Evaluation der Politik zur Entw," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 9(1), pages 24-29, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:9:y:2010:i:1:p:24-29
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-692X.2010.00155.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mark D. Partridge & Dan S. Rickman & Kamar Ali & M. Rose Olfert, 2008. "Lost in space: population growth in the American hinterlands and small cities," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 8(6), pages 727-757, November.
    2. Guido W. Imbens & Jeffrey M. Wooldridge, 2009. "Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 47(1), pages 5-86, March.
    3. Mark Partridge & Ray D. Bollman & M. Rose Olfert & Alessandro Alasia, 2007. "Riding the Wave of Urban Growth in the Countryside: Spread, Backwash, or Stagnation?," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 83(2), pages 128-152.
    4. Herrera, Yoshiko M. & Kapur, Devesh, 2007. "Improving Data Quality: Actors, Incentives, and Capabilities," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(4), pages 365-386.
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    1. Pisani, Elena & Burighel, Laura, 2014. "Structures and dynamics of transnational cooperation networks: evidence based on Local Action Groups in the Veneto Region, Italy," Bio-based and Applied Economics Journal, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA), vol. 3(3), pages 1-21, December.
    2. Psaltopoulos, Dimitrios & Phimister, Euan & Ratinger, Tomas & Roberts, Deborah & Skuras, Dimitris & Santini, Fabien & Gomez y Paloma, Sergio & Balamou, Eudokia & Espinosa, Maria & Mary, Sebastien, 2011. "An Ex-ante Rural/Urban Analysis of Common Agricultural Policy Options," 2011 International Congress, August 30-September 2, 2011, Zurich, Switzerland 114780, European Association of Agricultural Economists.

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