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Food Security Strategies: Building Resilience Against Natural Disasters Stratégies de sécurité alimentaire : améliorer la résistance aux catastrophes naturelles Strategien für die Sicherung der Ernährung: Stärkung der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Naturkatastrophen

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  • Hartwig De Haen

Abstract

Food Security Strategies: Building Resilience Against Natural Disasters A large and growing share of the world’s poor lives under a double risk. They are food insecure and live in conditions in which high risk of natural hazards coincides with high vulnerability. As a result natural disasters hit the poor disproportionately. This article argues that in order to mitigate disaster impacts on poor population groups, development policy and disaster management need to become more mutually supportive. Focusing on food security, it is suggested that in disaster‐prone locations, measures to improve disaster resilience should be an integral part of food security policies and strategies. A ‘triple track strategy’ is recommended. In addition to investments in productivity enhancement, primarily for the rural poor (track one) and social safety nets for the most needy (track two), such a strategy would entail cross‐cutting investments in building resilience against disaster impacts and risk management. Practical areas requiring more attention include risk information and analysis; land use planning; upgrading physical infrastructures; diversification and risk transfer mechanisms. As agriculture is particularly vulnerable to disaster risk, protecting agricultural lands, water and assets, should get greater weight in development strategies and food security policies. There is evidence that the benefits of this approach could significantly outweigh the costs. Une part importante et croissante de la population mondiale est exposée à un risque double. Ces populations subissent l’insécurité alimentaire et vivent dans des conditions où le risque élevé d’aléas naturels va de pair avec une grande vulnérabilité. En conséquence, les catastrophes naturelles affectent les pauvres de manière disproportionnée. Cet article avance que, pour atténuer l’incidence des catastrophes sur les groupes de population défavorisées, la politique de développement et la gestion des catastrophes doivent se renforcer mutuellement. En mettant l’accent sur la sécurité alimentaire, il est suggéré que dans les zones exposées aux catastrophes naturelles, les mesures de renforcement de la résistance aux catastrophes devraient faire partie intégrale des politiques et des stratégies de sécurité alimentaire. Une “stratégie en trois axes” est recommandée. Outre des investissements pour augmenter la productivité visant principalement les populations rurales pauvres (axe 1) et des filets de sécurité sociale pour les plus nécessiteux (axe 2), une telle stratégie devrait comprendre des investissements non sectoriels pour affronter les conséquences des catastrophes et pour la gestion des risques. Les domaines concrets sur lesquels il faudrait se pencher plus attentivement comprennent l’information et l’analyse des risques; la planification de l’occupation des terres; la mise à niveau des infrastructures physiques; et les mécanismes de diversification et de transfert des risques. Comme l’agriculture est un secteur particulièrement vulnérable au risque de catastrophes, il faut accorder plus d’importance à la protection des terres, de l’eau et des actifs agricoles dans les stratégies de développement et les politiques de sécurité alimentaire. Il existe des éléments probants qui montrent que cette approche apporterait plus d’avantages que de coûts. Ein immer größerer Teil der Armen der Welt sieht sich einem doppelten Risiko ausgesetzt: Ihre Ernährung ist nicht gesichert, und ihre Lebensbedingungen weisen ein hohes Risiko an Naturgefahren bei gleichzeitig hoher Anfälligkeit auf. Daher werden arme Menschen unverhältnismäßig hart von Naturkatastrophen getroffen. In diesem Beitrag wird dargelegt, dass sich die Entwicklungspolitik und der Katastrophenschutz gegenseitig mehr unterstützen müssen, um die Auswirkungen von Naturkatastrophen auf die arme Bevölkerung abzumildern. Mit Blick auf die Sicherung der Ernährung wird vorgeschlagen, dass Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Katastrophen in gefährdeten Gebieten integraler Bestandteil der Politikmaßnahmen und Strategien zur Sicherung der Ernährung sein sollten. Eine dreigleisige Strategie wird empfohlen: Neben den Investitionen zur Steigerung der Produktivität, die hauptsächlich den Armen im ländlichen Raum zu Gute kommen (Gleis 1), und in die sozialen Sicherheitsnetze für die Bedürftigsten (Gleis 2) würde eine solche Strategie übergreifende Investitionen in das Risikomanagement und die Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen die Auswirkungen von Naturkatastrophen mit sich bringen. Praxisnahe Bereiche, die mehr Beachtung erfordern, beinhalten Risikoinformation und –analyse, Flächennutzungsplanung, Ausbau der physischen Infrastruktur, Diversifikation sowie Risikotransfermechanismen. Da für die Landwirtschaft ein erhöhtes Katastrophenrisiko besteht, sollte dem Schutz von landwirtschaftlich genutzten Flächen, Wasser und Vermögen im Rahmen von Entwicklungsstrategien und Politikmaßnahmen zur Sicherung der Ernährung mehr Bedeutung beigemessen werden. Es gibt Anhaltspunkte dafür, dass der aus diesem Ansatz entstehende Nutzen die Kosten mehr als ausgleichen könnte.

Suggested Citation

  • Hartwig De Haen, 2008. "Food Security Strategies: Building Resilience Against Natural Disasters Stratégies de sécurité alimentaire : améliorer la résistance aux catastrophes naturelles Strategien für die Sicherung der Ernähr," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 7(3), pages 26-33, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:7:y:2008:i:3:p:26-33
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-692X.2008.00108.x
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    1. Del Ninno, Carlo & Dorosh, Paul A. & Smith, Lisa C., 2003. "Public Policy, Markets and Household Coping Strategies in Bangladesh: Avoiding a Food Security Crisis Following the 1998 Floods," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 31(7), pages 1221-1238, July.
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