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US Farm Bill 2008: Back to the Future? La loi agricole de 2008 aux États‐Unis : Retour vers le futur? Das US‐Landwirtschaftsgesetz von 2008: Zurück in die Zukunft?

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  • Patrick Westhoff
  • Julian Binfield

Abstract

US Farm Bill 2008: Back to the Future? After years of deliberation, eight temporary extensions of expiring law and two overridden vetoes, the Food, Conservation and Energy Act became law on June 18, 2008, framing the policy environment for US farmers for several years to come. The farm bill was written in a period of lean supplies, soaring demand, increased budget deficits, and intense scrutiny. When the dust settled the bill had five new titles, a new disaster program, and a new option offering an irrevocable choice of the traditional price‐based safety net or a new revenue‐based program. The latter constituted a new direction for US policy, moving towards more revenue based payments, a move that was resisted by the administration concerned with the implications for the WTO and that disapproved of the changes to the budget that financed the new programs. In the end the desires of the members of Congress trumped the administration’s veto. FAPRI–MU’s analysis shows that the impact of the 2008 farm bill on agricultural markets will be small. However, the direction of US agricultural policy is likely to put the farm bill at odds with the WTO, especially if there is a new agreement under the Doha round. Après des années de discussion, huit prolongements temporaires de la loi précédente et deux vétos passés outre, la Loi sur l’alimentation, la conservation et l’énergie, qui encadrera les politiques pour les agriculteurs américains dans les prochaines années, a été promulguée le 18 juin 2008. La proposition de loi agricole a étéélaborée au cours d’années de maigres récoltes, d’essor de la demande et de hausse des déficits budgétaires et elle a été soumise à un examen minutieux. Au bout du compte, la proposition de loi comptait cinq nouveaux chapitres, un nouveau programme de gestion des catastrophes et une nouvelle option offrant un choix définitif entre le filet de sécurité traditionnel fondé sur les prix et un nouveau programme fondé sur les recettes. Ce dernier représentait une nouvelle orientation pour la politique américaine en direction de paiements davantage fondés sur les recettes. L’administration a résistéà cette orientation par soucis des implications à l’OMC et par opposition aux conséquences budgétaires. Au final, les désirs des membres du Congrès sont venus à bout du véto de l’administration. L’analyse menée par FAPRI‐MU montre que l’incidence de la loi agricole de 2008 sur les marchés sera faible. Cependant, l’orientation de la politique agricole des États‐Unis mettra probablement la loi agricole en contradiction avec l’OMC, surtout si un nouvel accord est conclu dans le cadre du cycle de Doha.” Nach jahrelangem Abwägen, acht kurzfristige Verlängerungen von auslaufenden Gesetzen und zwei erfolglosen Vetos trat das US‐Landwirtschaftsgesetz am 18. Juni 2008 in Kraft und gestaltet so den politischen Rahmen der kommenden Jahre für die US‐Landwirte. Als das Landwirtschaftsgesetz verfasst wurde, war das Angebot knapp, die Nachfrage schnell ansteigend, das Haushaltsdefizit erhöht und die Untersuchung sehr genau. Als sich die Aufregung gelegt hatte, hatte das Gesetz fünf neue Abschnitte, ein neues Katastrophenprogramm und die neue Option, sich endgültig für das herkömmliche preisbasierte Sicherheitsnetz oder das neue erlösbasierte Programm zu entscheiden. Das letztere führte die US‐Politik in eine neue Richtung mehr hin zu erlösbasierten Zahlungen; eine Richtung, die von der Administration abgelehnt wurde, da sie Auswirkungen auf die WTO fürchtete und die Veränderungen im Haushalt ablehnte, der zur Finanzierung der neuen Programme erfolgten. Letzten Endes überwogen die Wünsche der Kongressmitglieder, die sich über das Veto der Regierung hinweg setzten. Die Analyse des Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute in Missouri, USA, zeigt, dass sich die Auswirkungen des US‐Landwirtschaftsgesetzes von 2008 auf die Agrarmärkte in Grenzen halten werden. Es ist jedoch wahrscheinlich, dass die eingeschlagene Richtung der US‐Agrarpolitik die WTO gegen das Landwirtschaftsgesetz aufbringen wird, vor allem dann, wenn es zu einem neuen Abkommen im Rahmen der Doha‐Runde kommt.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Westhoff & Julian Binfield, 2008. "US Farm Bill 2008: Back to the Future? La loi agricole de 2008 aux États‐Unis : Retour vers le futur? Das US‐Landwirtschaftsgesetz von 2008: Zurück in die Zukunft?," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 7(3), pages 17-23, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:7:y:2008:i:3:p:17-23
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-692X.2008.00106.x
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    1. Westhoff, Patrick C. & Brown, Scott & Hart, Chad E., 2006. "When Point Estimates Miss the Point: Stochastic Modeling of WTO Restrictions," Staff General Research Papers Archive 31341, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
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