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Ulinzi Shirikishi: Popular Experiences of Hybrid Security Governance in Tanzania

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  • Charlotte Cross

Abstract

type="main"> In the context of increasing academic and policy-related attention to hybrid forms of security provision which combine state and non-state institutions, in Africa and elsewhere, this article explores the implementation of community-based or participatory policing (ulinzi shirikishi) in Tanzania. Through ulinzi shirikishi citizens are encouraged to form local security committees, organize neighbourhood patrols and investigate reported crime. In contrast to earlier forms of state-sponsored sungusungu vigilantism in Tanzania, community police are expected to cooperate with the Tanzania Police Force and to adhere to state law. Based on 11 months’ fieldwork in three sub-wards of the city of Mwanza, this article argues that community policing has been fairly effective in improving residents’ perceptions of local safety. However, two important concerns emerge that may compromise the sustainability and legitimacy of community policing in the future. Firstly, organizing local policing entails considerable costs for communities, which disproportionately disadvantage the relatively poor. Secondly, controlling local service provision can enable individuals to pursue private gains, at the expense of the production of public goods. It is thus important to consider the development of hybridity over time towards models that may look less like community-based policing and more like commercial security provision.

Suggested Citation

  • Charlotte Cross, 2016. "Ulinzi Shirikishi: Popular Experiences of Hybrid Security Governance in Tanzania," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 47(5), pages 1102-1124, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:devchg:v:47:y:2016:i:5:p:1102-1124
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/dech.12261
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kate Meagher, 2012. "The Strength of Weak States? Non-State Security Forces and Hybrid Governance in Africa," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 43(5), pages 1073-1101, September.
    2. Bruce Baker, 2008. "Beyond the Tarmac Road: Local Forms of Policing in Sierra Leone & Rwanda," Review of African Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(118), pages 555-570, December.
    3. Rebecca Marsland, 2006. "Community Participation the Tanzanian Way: Conceptual Contiguity or Power Struggle?," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(1), pages 65-79.
    4. Anuradha Joshi & Mick Moore, 2004. "Institutionalised Co-production: Unorthodox Public Service Delivery in Challenging Environments," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(4), pages 31-49.
    5. Niagalé Bagayoko, 2012. "Introduction: Hybrid Security Governance in Africa," IDS Bulletin, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 43(4), pages 1-13, July.
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    1. Goodwin, Geoff, 2019. "The problem and promise of coproduction: Politics, history, and autonomy," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 501-513.
    2. Kudo, Yuya, 2020. "Maintaining law and order: Welfare implications from village vigilante groups in northern Tanzania," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 607-628.
    3. Gerald Peter Mutonyi & Casper Masiga & Happi Kilongosi, 2020. "Commercialized Security and Its Role in Selected Countries’ National Security," Traektoriâ Nauki = Path of Science, Altezoro, s.r.o. & Dialog, vol. 6(7), pages 2001-2021, July.

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