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Spatially explicit modeling of wetland conservation costs in Canadian agricultural landscapes

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  • Eric Asare
  • Lloyd‐Smith Patrick
  • Belcher Kenneth

Abstract

Agriculture is an important source of food, employment, and tax revenue to society. However, agricultural expansion is an important driver of global natural ecosystem degradation, including wetlands. Economic theory shows that wetland loss is caused by a mismatch between the private wetland conservation costs borne by landowners and the public benefits generated. We develop a spatially explicit wetland management model to estimate the private economic benefit of wetland drainage in an agricultural landscape in Alberta, Canada. We estimate a full wetland supply curve and show that the private economic benefits of wetland drainage are highly heterogeneous within a watershed. We then combine these private costs of wetland conservation with non‐monetary measures of public ecosystem benefits to assess four wetland conservation policy targeting scenarios. We find a positive correlation between the opportunity cost of wetland conservation on private landowners and the amount of environmental benefits wetlands offer, suggesting that conserving the wetlands that impose the lowest opportunity cost may not be optimal targets for wetland conservation policy. We contribute to wetland conservation economics by demonstrating that targeted wetland conservation policies can be more effective than a uniform conservation policy that assumes wetlands within agricultural landscapes have the same costs and benefits. L'agriculture est une source importante de nourriture, d'emplois et de recettes fiscales pour la société. Cependant, l'expansion agricole est un contributeur important de la dégradation des écosystèmes naturels mondiaux, y compris les zones humides. La théorie économique montre que la perte de zones humides est causée par une inadéquation entre les coûts privés de conservation des zones humides supportés par les propriétaires fonciers et les avantages publics générés. Nous développons un modèle spatial de gestion des zones humides pour estimer les avantages économiques privés du drainage des zones humides dans un paysage agricole en Alberta, Canada. Nous estimons une courbe d'offre complète des zones humides et montrons que les avantages économiques privés du drainage des zones humides sont très hétérogènes au sein d'un bassin versant. Nous combinons ensuite ces coûts privés de la conservation des zones humides avec des mesures non monétaires des avantages publics des écosystèmes pour évaluer quatre scénarios de ciblage des politiques de conservation des zones humides. Nous trouvons une corrélation positive entre le coût d'opportunité de la conservation des zones humides pour les propriétaires privés et la quantité d'avantages environnementaux offerts par les zones humides, suggérant que la conservation des zones humides sur la base du coût d'opportunité le plus bas peut ne pas générer la cible optimale pour une politique de conservation des zones humides. Nous contribuons à l'économie de la conservation des zones humides en démontrant que des politiques ciblées de conservation des zones humides peuvent être plus efficaces qu'une politique de conservation uniforme qui suppose que les zones humides dans les paysages agricoles ont les mêmes coûts et avantages.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Asare & Lloyd‐Smith Patrick & Belcher Kenneth, 2022. "Spatially explicit modeling of wetland conservation costs in Canadian agricultural landscapes," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 70(1), pages 5-19, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:70:y:2022:i:1:p:5-19
    DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12301
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    References listed on IDEAS

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