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Sinks, Emissions Intensity Caps and Barriers to Emissions Trading

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  • Travis Allan
  • Kathy Baylis

Abstract

The European Union (EU) has raised concerns about the use of sinks and an Emissions Intensity system in Canada and has decided not to allow sinks to be included in its trading system. Despite this restriction, the EU has shown interest in expanding its trading system to include other countries such as Japan and Canada, while Canada hopes to use sinks and a domestic trading system with an Emissions Intensity regulatory mechanism to meet its Kyoto GHG commitments. In this paper, we briefly discuss some of the implications of the Emissions Intensity regulations scheme, and then develop a simple credit model with trade to illustrate the effect of a trade ban put in place by the EU, first, when it is fully binding and second, when there are countries that can act to arbitrage both markets (e.g., Japan). We also look at the possibilities of using harmonization frameworks to control trade, as well as using a form of discounting with respect to Canadian credits. We show that it is highly unlikely that a trade barrier will increase the use of emission reduction (and decreased use of sinks), and that, particularly in the likely case that Canada will import credits, trade barriers will actually increase the use of sinks. We do find, however, that the use of discounting could serve as a possible policy alternative to increase the use of EU reductions, while decreasing the quantity of Canadian sink credits. L'Union européenne (UE) s'inquiète du recours aux puits de carbone et de la mise en place d'un système de cibles d'intensité des émissions de carbone au Canada et a décidé d'interdire les puits de carbone dans son système d'échange de droits d'émissions. Malgré cette interdiction, l'UE s'est dite intéressée àélargir son système d'échange pour inclure d'autres pays tels que le Japon et le Canada, tandis que le Canada espère utiliser les puits de carbone et un système d'échange national assorti d'un mécanisme réglementaire sur l'intensité des émissions afin de respecter ses engagements quant aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) du Protocole de Kyoto. Dans le présent article, nous avons discuté brièvement de certaines répercussions des règlements sur l'intensité des émissions, et avons mis au point un modèle de crédit simple avec échanges pour illustrer les effets d'une interdiction des échanges par l'UE, tout d'abord lorsque l'interdiction est obligatoire et ensuite, lorsque des pays (p. ex. le Japon) peuvent échanger sur les deux marchés. Nous avons également examiné les possibilités d'utiliser des cadres d'harmonisation pour contrôler les échanges, de même qu'une façon d'escompter les crédits canadiens. Nous avons montré qu'il est fort improbable qu'un obstacle aux échanges fasse accroître le recours à la réduction des émissions (et diminuer le recours aux puits), et que, particulièrement dans le cas probable où le Canada importera des crédits, les obstacles aux échanges augmenteront en fait l'utilisation des puits. Nous croyons cependant que le recours à l'escompte pourrait s'avérer une solution pour augmenter le recours aux réductions de l'UE, tout en diminuant la quantité de crédits canadiens accordés pour des puits de carbone.

Suggested Citation

  • Travis Allan & Kathy Baylis, 2005. "Sinks, Emissions Intensity Caps and Barriers to Emissions Trading," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 53(4), pages 291-305, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:53:y:2005:i:4:p:291-305
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2005.00020.x
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    1. Unknown, 2005. "Forward," 2005 Conference: Slovenia in the EU - Challenges for Agriculture, Food Science and Rural Affairs, November 10-11, 2005, Moravske Toplice, Slovenia 183804, Slovenian Association of Agricultural Economists (DAES).
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