IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/biomet/v77y2021i1p343-351.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Repeated measures random forests (RMRF): Identifying factors associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia

Author

Listed:
  • Peter Calhoun
  • Richard A. Levine
  • Juanjuan Fan

Abstract

Nocturnal hypoglycemia is a common phenomenon among patients with diabetes and can lead to a broad range of adverse events and complications. Identifying factors associated with hypoglycemia can improve glucose control and patient care. We propose a repeated measures random forest (RMRF) algorithm that can handle nonlinear relationships and interactions and the correlated responses from patients evaluated over several nights. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm captures the informative variable more often than naïvely assuming independence. RMRF also outperforms standard random forest and extremely randomized trees algorithms. We demonstrate scenarios where RMRF attains greater prediction accuracy than generalized linear models. We apply the RMRF algorithm to analyze a diabetes study with 2524 nights from 127 patients with type 1 diabetes. We find that nocturnal hypoglycemia is associated with HbA1c, bedtime blood glucose (BG), insulin on board, time system activated, exercise intensity, and daytime hypoglycemia. The RMRF can accurately classify nights at high risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Calhoun & Richard A. Levine & Juanjuan Fan, 2021. "Repeated measures random forests (RMRF): Identifying factors associated with nocturnal hypoglycemia," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 77(1), pages 343-351, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:biomet:v:77:y:2021:i:1:p:343-351
    DOI: 10.1111/biom.13284
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/biom.13284
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/biom.13284?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Keon Lee, Seong, 2005. "On generalized multivariate decision tree by using GEE," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 49(4), pages 1105-1119, June.
    2. Hajjem, Ahlem & Larocque, Denis & Bellavance, François, 2017. "Generalized mixed effects regression trees," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 114-118.
    3. Hajjem, Ahlem & Bellavance, François & Larocque, Denis, 2011. "Mixed effects regression trees for clustered data," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 81(4), pages 451-459, April.
    4. Xiaogang Su & Juanjuan Fan, 2004. "Multivariate Survival Trees: A Maximum Likelihood Approach Based on Frailty Models," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 60(1), pages 93-99, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Jason A. Hubbart & Nathan Blake & Ida Holásková & Domingo Mata Padrino & Matthew Walker & Matthew Wilson, 2023. "Challenges in Sustainable Beef Cattle Production: A Subset of Needed Advancements," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-15, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shuwen Hu & You-Gan Wang & Christopher Drovandi & Taoyun Cao, 2023. "Predictions of machine learning with mixed-effects in analyzing longitudinal data under model misspecification," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 32(2), pages 681-711, June.
    2. Tsubasa Ito & Shonosuke Sugasawa, 2023. "Grouped generalized estimating equations for longitudinal data analysis," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 79(3), pages 1868-1879, September.
    3. Wei-Yin Loh, 2014. "Fifty Years of Classification and Regression Trees," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 82(3), pages 329-348, December.
    4. Hsiao, Wei-Cheng & Shih, Yu-Shan, 2007. "Splitting variable selection for multivariate regression trees," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 77(3), pages 265-271, February.
    5. Patrick Krennmair & Timo Schmid, 2022. "Flexible domain prediction using mixed effects random forests," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 71(5), pages 1865-1894, November.
    6. Zelenkov, Yu. & Solntsev, I., 2022. "Predicting the value of professional sport clubs. A study of European soccer, 2005-2018," Journal of the New Economic Association, New Economic Association, vol. 56(4), pages 28-46.
    7. Steffen Nestler & Sarah Humberg, 2022. "A Lasso and a Regression Tree Mixed-Effect Model with Random Effects for the Level, the Residual Variance, and the Autocorrelation," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 87(2), pages 506-532, June.
    8. Jiang, Cuiqing & Wang, Zhao & Zhao, Huimin, 2019. "A prediction-driven mixture cure model and its application in credit scoring," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 277(1), pages 20-31.
    9. Kim, Seheon & Rasouli, Soora & Timmermans, Harry & Yang, Dujuan, 2018. "Estimating panel effects in probabilistic representations of dynamic decision trees using bayesian generalized linear mixture models," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 168-184.
    10. Luca Fontana & Chiara Masci & Francesca Ieva & Anna Maria Paganoni, 2021. "Performing Learning Analytics via Generalised Mixed-Effects Trees," Data, MDPI, vol. 6(7), pages 1-31, July.
    11. Wagner Martin & Zeileis Achim, 2019. "Heterogeneity and Spatial Dependence of Regional Growth in the EU: A Recursive Partitioning Approach," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 20(1), pages 67-82, February.
    12. Lore Zumeta-Olaskoaga & Maximilian Weigert & Jon Larruskain & Eder Bikandi & Igor Setuain & Josean Lekue & Helmut Küchenhoff & Dae-Jin Lee, 2023. "Prediction of sports injuries in football: a recurrent time-to-event approach using regularized Cox models," AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, Springer;German Statistical Society, vol. 107(1), pages 101-126, March.
    13. Messner, Wolfgang, 2024. "Exploring multilevel data with deep learning and XAI: The effect of personal-care advertising spending on subjective happiness," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(1).
    14. Hajjem, Ahlem & Larocque, Denis & Bellavance, François, 2017. "Generalized mixed effects regression trees," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 114-118.
    15. Fu, Wei & Simonoff, Jeffrey S., 2015. "Unbiased regression trees for longitudinal and clustered data," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 53-74.
    16. Anna Gottard & Giulia Vannucci & Leonardo Grilli & Carla Rampichini, 2023. "Mixed-effect models with trees," Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Springer;German Classification Society - Gesellschaft für Klassifikation (GfKl);Japanese Classification Society (JCS);Classification and Data Analysis Group of the Italian Statistical Society (CLADAG);International Federation of Classification Societies (IFCS), vol. 17(2), pages 431-461, June.
    17. Dine, Abdessamad & Larocque, Denis & Bellavance, François, 2009. "Multivariate trees for mixed outcomes," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 53(11), pages 3795-3804, September.
    18. Fan, Juanjuan & Nunn, Martha E. & Su, Xiaogang, 2009. "Multivariate exponential survival trees and their application to tooth prognosis," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 53(4), pages 1110-1121, February.
    19. Hajjem, Ahlem & Bellavance, François & Larocque, Denis, 2011. "Mixed effects regression trees for clustered data," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 81(4), pages 451-459, April.
    20. Bürgin, Reto & Ritschard, Gilbert, 2015. "Tree-based varying coefficient regression for longitudinal ordinal responses," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 65-80.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:biomet:v:77:y:2021:i:1:p:343-351. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0006-341X .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.