IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/annpce/v76y2005i3p375-406.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

US Credit Unions: An Empirical Investigation of Size, Age and Growth

Author

Listed:
  • John Goddard
  • John O. S. Wilson

Abstract

**: An econometric analysis of the growth performance of US credit unions for the period 1992–2001 investigates empirical relationships between size, age and growth. Ceteris paribus larger credit unions grew faster than smaller unions. State credit unions grew faster than federal credit unions, and single bond credit unions grew faster than multiple bond credit unions. The size‐growth gradients were generally steeper for state than for federal credit unions, and for single bond than for multiple bond credit unions. These patterns are attributed to variations in legislation and regulatory treatment. There is some evidence that younger credit unions tended to outgrow older ones. This seems consistent with a life cycle typology of credit union growth and development. There is also evidence of a positive persistence of growth effect. The cross‐sectional variance of growth is inversely related to size, but is largely independent of age.

Suggested Citation

  • John Goddard & John O. S. Wilson, 2005. "US Credit Unions: An Empirical Investigation of Size, Age and Growth," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 76(3), pages 375-406, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:annpce:v:76:y:2005:i:3:p:375-406
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1370-4788.2005.00283.x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1370-4788.2005.00283.x
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/j.1370-4788.2005.00283.x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Leggett, Keith J. & Strand, Robert W., 2002. "Membership growth, multiple membership groups and agency control at credit unions," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 37-46.
    2. Cyree, Ken B. & Wansley, James W. & Boehm, Thomas P., 2000. "Determinants of bank growth choice," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 709-734, May.
    3. Evans, David S, 1987. "The Relationship between Firm Growth, Size, and Age: Estimates for 100 Manufacturing Industries," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(4), pages 567-581, June.
    4. Robert M. Feinberg, 2001. "The Competitive Role Of Credit Unions In Small Local Financial Services Markets," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 83(3), pages 560-563, August.
    5. Smith, Donald J, 1984. "A Theoretic Framework for the Analysis of Credit Union Decision Making," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 39(4), pages 1155-1168, September.
    6. Robert Tokle & Joanne Tokle, 2000. "The Influence of Credit Union and Savings and Loan Competition on Bank Deposit Rates in Idaho and Montana," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 17(4), pages 427-439, December.
    7. Altunbas, Y. & Gardener, E. P. M. & Molyneux, P. & Moore, B., 2001. "Efficiency in European banking," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(10), pages 1931-1955, December.
    8. Daphne Hameeteman & Bert Scholtens, 2000. "Size, Growth, and Variance among the World's Largest Non-merged Banks," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(3), pages 313-323.
    9. Prescott, Edward C & Visscher, Michael, 1980. "Organization Capital," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 88(3), pages 446-461, June.
    10. Douglas K. Pearce, 1984. "Recent developments in the credit union industry," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, vol. 69(Jun), pages 3-19.
    11. Goddard, John A. & McKillop, Donal G. & Wilson, John O. S., 2002. "The growth of US credit unions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(12), pages 2327-2356.
    12. J. O. S. Wilson & J. M. Williams, 2000. "The size and growth of banks: evidence from four European countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(9), pages 1101-1109.
    13. Jovanovic, Boyan, 1982. "Selection and the Evolution of Industry," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(3), pages 649-670, May.
    14. Charles Ferguson & Donal G Mckillop, 2000. "Classifying Credit Union Development in Terms of Mature, Transition and Nascent Industry Types," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(4), pages 103-120, October.
    15. Surendra K. Kaushik & Raymond H. Lopez, 1994. "The Structure and Growth of the Credit Union Industry in the United states: Meeting Challenges of the Market," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 219-243, April.
    16. Keith Leggett & Yvonne Stewart, 1999. "Multiple common bond credit unions and the allocation of benefits," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 23(3), pages 235-245, September.
    17. Feinberg, Robert M. & Rahman, A. F. M. Ataur, 2001. "A causality test of the relationship between bank and credit union lending rates in local markets," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 71(2), pages 271-275, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. John Goddard & Donal McKillop & John Wilson, 2009. "Which Credit Unions are Acquired?," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 36(2), pages 231-252, December.
    2. Javier Gómez‐Biscarri & Germán López‐Espinosa & Andrés Mesa‐Toro, 2022. "Drivers of depositor discipline in credit unions," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 93(4), pages 849-885, December.
    3. Bauer, Keldon J. & Miles, Linda L. & Nishikawa, Takeshi, 2009. "The effect of mergers on credit union performance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(12), pages 2267-2274, December.
    4. Hasan, Iftekhar & Jackowicz, Krzysztof & Jagiełło, Robert & Kowalewski, Oskar & Kozłowski, Łukasz, 2021. "Local banks as difficult-to-replace SME lenders: Evidence from bank corrective programs," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    5. Mr. Wim Fonteyne, 2007. "Cooperative Banks in Europe—Policy Issues," IMF Working Papers 2007/159, International Monetary Fund.
    6. Liliana Stern & Steve Swidler & Christoph Hinkelmann, 2009. "Deposit rate sensitivity of credit union shares," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 33(3), pages 259-272, July.
    7. María Jesús Segovia‐Vargas & I. Marta Miranda‐García & Freddy Alejandro Oquendo‐Torres, 2023. "Sustainable finance: The role of savings and credit cooperatives in Ecuador," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 94(3), pages 951-980, September.
    8. McKillop, Donal & French, Declan & Quinn, Barry & Sobiech, Anna L. & Wilson, John O.S., 2020. "Cooperative financial institutions: A review of the literature," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    9. Nathanael OJONG, 2014. "Credit Unions As Conduits For Microfinance Delivery In Cameroon," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 85(2), pages 287-304, June.
    10. Marie Bouchard & Damien Rousselière, 2018. "Does Gibrat's law hold among urban social economy enterprises? A research note on Montreal social economy," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 38(3), pages 1523-1540.
    11. Terence J. V. Saldanha & Abhishek Kathuria & Jiban Khuntia & Benn R. Konsynski, 2022. "Ghosts in the Machine: How Marketing and Human Capital Investments Enhance Customer Growth When Innovative Services Leverage Self-Service Technologies," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 33(1), pages 76-109, March.
    12. Forker, John & Ward, Anne Marie, 2012. "Prudence and financial self-regulation in credit unions in Northern Ireland," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 44(4), pages 221-234.
    13. Mamun, Abdullah, 2023. "Understanding growth and its policy implications for Canadian credit unions," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 652-665.
    14. Goddard, John & McKillop, Donal & Wilson, John O.S., 2008. "The diversification and financial performance of US credit unions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1836-1849, September.
    15. Jalal El Fadil & Helyoth Hessou, 2024. "Performance and Assets and Liabilities Management in the U.S. Credit Union," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 14(1), pages 1-6.
    16. Bauer, Keldon, 2008. "Detecting abnormal credit union performance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 573-586, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Javier Gómez‐Biscarri & Germán López‐Espinosa & Andrés Mesa‐Toro, 2022. "Drivers of depositor discipline in credit unions," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 93(4), pages 849-885, December.
    2. Bauer, Keldon, 2008. "Detecting abnormal credit union performance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 573-586, April.
    3. Goddard, John & McKillop, Donal G. & Wilson, John O.S., 2023. "Who consumes the credit union subsidies?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    4. Christian E. Weller & Amy Helburn, 2009. "Public Policy Options to Build Wealth for America’s Middle Class," Working Papers wp210, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    5. Ann‐Marie Ward & Donal G. McKillop, 2005. "The Law of Proportionate Effect: The Growth of the UK Credit Union Movement at National and Regional Level," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(9‐10), pages 1827-1859, November.
    6. Goddard, John & McKillop, Donal & Wilson, John O.S., 2008. "The diversification and financial performance of US credit unions," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1836-1849, September.
    7. Christian Weller, 2010. "Have Differences in Credit Access Diminished in an Era of Financial Market Deregulation?," Review of Social Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 68(1), pages 1-34.
    8. Canarella, Giorgio & Miller, Stephen M., 2018. "The determinants of growth in the U.S. information and communication technology (ICT) industry: A firm-level analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 259-271.
    9. John Goddard & Donal McKillop & John Wilson, 2009. "Which Credit Unions are Acquired?," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 36(2), pages 231-252, December.
    10. Reka Sundaram-Stukel & Steven C Deller, 2021. "Locational Factors in the Competition between Credit Unions and Banks after the Great Recession," Papers 2110.07611, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2022.
    11. Krishnan Dandapani & Edward R. Lawrence & Jodonnis Rodriguez, 2018. "Determinants of Transactional Internet Banking," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 54(2), pages 243-267, October.
    12. Nicholas Ryder, 2008. "Credit Union Legislative Frameworks in the United States of America and the United Kingdom – A Flexible Friend or a Step Towards the Dark Side?," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 31(2), pages 147-166, June.
    13. McKillop, Donal & French, Declan & Quinn, Barry & Sobiech, Anna L. & Wilson, John O.S., 2020. "Cooperative financial institutions: A review of the literature," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    14. Saulo Cardoso Maia & Gideon Carvalho Benedicto & José Willer Prado & David Alastair Robb & Oscar Neto Almeida Bispo & Mozar José Brito, 2019. "Mapping the literature on credit unions: a bibliometric investigation grounded in Scopus and Web of Science," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 120(3), pages 929-960, September.
    15. David Ely & Kenneth Robinson, 2009. "Credit Unions and Small Business Lending," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 35(1), pages 53-80, February.
    16. R. Raymond Sant & Stephen B. Carter, 2015. "Acquired Credit Unions: Drivers of Takeover," International Journal of Business and Social Research, MIR Center for Socio-Economic Research, vol. 5(8), pages 18-33, August.
    17. Naaman, Christine & Magnan, Michel & Hammami, Ahmad & Yao, Li, 2021. "Credit unions vs. commercial banks, who takes more risk?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    18. Chien-Min Kang & Ming-Chieh Wang & Lin Lin, 2022. "The Dynamic Typology in the Development Process of Credit Union Movements," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-21, April.
    19. Geoffrey Rubin & George Overstreet & Peter Beling & Kanshukan Rajaratnam, 2013. "A dynamic theory of the credit union," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 205(1), pages 29-53, May.
    20. Kondo, Kazumine, 2012. "Do Credit Associations Put Competitive Pressure on Regional Banks in Japanese Regional Lending Markets?," MPRA Paper 38769, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:annpce:v:76:y:2005:i:3:p:375-406. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1370-4788 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.