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Relationship between franking credits and the market risk premium

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  • Stephen Gray
  • Jason Hall

Abstract

In a dividend imputation tax system, equity investors have three potential sources of return: dividends, capital gains and franking (tax) credits. However, the standard procedures for estimating the market risk premium (MRP) for use in the capital asset pricing model, ignore the value of franking credits. Officer (1994) notes that if franking credits do affect the corporate cost of capital, their value must be added to the standard estimates of MRP. In the present paper, we explicitly derive the relationship between the value of franking credits (gamma) and the MRP. We show that the standard parameter estimates that have been adopted in practice (especially by Australian regulators) violate this deterministic mathematical relationship. We also show how information on dividend yields and effective tax rates bounds the values that can be reasonably used for gamma and the MRP. We make recommendations for how estimates of the MRP should be adjusted to reflect the value of franking credits in an internally consistent manner.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen Gray & Jason Hall, 2006. "Relationship between franking credits and the market risk premium," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 46(3), pages 405-428, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:acctfi:v:46:y:2006:i:3:p:405-428
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-629X.2006.00175.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James Claus & Jacob Thomas, 2001. "Equity Premia as Low as Three Percent? Evidence from Analysts' Earnings Forecasts for Domestic and International Stock Markets," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 56(5), pages 1629-1666, October.
    2. Philippe Jorion & William N. Goetzmann, 1999. "Global Stock Markets in the Twentieth Century," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 54(3), pages 953-980, June.
    3. Eugene F. Fama & Kenneth R. French, 2002. "The Equity Premium," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 57(2), pages 637-659, April.
    4. Cannavan, Damien & Finn, Frank & Gray, Stephen, 2004. "The value of dividend imputation tax credits in Australia," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(1), pages 167-197, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Martin Lally, 2008. "Relationship between franking credits and the market risk premium: a comment," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 48(1), pages 143-151, March.
    2. Michael Dempsey, 2015. "Stock Markets, Investments and Corporate Behavior:A Conceptual Framework of Understanding," World Scientific Books, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., number p1007, December.
    3. Kai-Wei (Shaun) Siau & Stephen J. Sault & Geoffrey J. Warren & Henk Berkman, 2015. "Are imputation credits capitalised into stock prices?," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 55(1), pages 241-277, March.
    4. Jeffrey J. Coulton & Caitlin Ruddock, 2011. "Corporate payout policy in Australia and a test of the life‐cycle theory," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 51(2), pages 381-407, June.
    5. Clive Gaunt & Steven Cahan, 2014. "Accounting and Finance: authorship and citation trends," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 54(2), pages 441-465, June.
    6. Giang Truong & Graham Partington, 2008. "Relation between franking credits and the market risk premium: a comment," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 48(1), pages 153-158, March.
    7. Stephen Gray & Jason Hall, 2008. "Relationship between franking credits and the market risk premium: a reply," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 48(1), pages 133-142, March.
    8. Mike Dempsey & Graham Partington, 2008. "Cost of capital equations under the Australian imputation tax system," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 48(3), pages 439-460, September.
    9. Tim Brailsford & John C. Handley & Krishnan Maheswaran, 2008. "Re‐examination of the historical equity risk premium in Australia," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 48(1), pages 73-97, March.

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