Climate Diplomacy and Geopolitics: Exploring the Role of Climate Policy in International Relations

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to explore the role of climate policy in international relations. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive's time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to climate policy and geopolitics. Preliminary empirical review revealed that climate diplomacy and geopolitics are inextricably linked in the 21st century, with climate policy playing a central role in shaping international relations. The urgency of addressing climate change has forced nations to collaborate and confront shared challenges, while also introducing new dimensions of competition and complexity. Non-state actors, climate justice considerations, and the evolving global energy landscape all contribute to the intricate tapestry of climate diplomacy. The future of international relations will depend, to a large extent, on how effectively nations navigate these challenges and seize the opportunities presented by climate action to build a more sustainable and equitable world. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Realism theory, Complex Interdependence theory and the Regime theory may be used to anchor future studies on climate policy. The study recommended promotion of multilateralism, incorporation of climate into foreign policy, supporting vulnerable nations, engagement of non-state actors and incorporation of climate security.