Influence of Native Commutable Approaches to Climate Dispositions among Pastoralist in Nigeria. A Critical Literature Review

Purpose: Complementary sources of income, sex of household heads, age of the household head, number of dependents, illiteracy, early warning information, employment status, and weak institutional structures determine vulnerability to climate variability and affect pastoralists. The overall objective of this study was to examine influence of indigenous adaptive capacity strategies to climate variability in Nigeria. A critical literature review Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: This study concluded that traditional mechanisms of predicting weather in Nigeria include observing the movement of clouds, wildlife, and domestic animals, observing intestines after slaughter, flowering and greening trees, and observing stars. The climate variability coping strategies among Nigerian pastoralists is eating less (9.9%), depending on food aid (42.8%), migrating to other areas (0.7%), and selling livestock (11.2%). These coping strategies increase the risk of being vulnerable to climatic shocks. The decline of food yields, loss of income, livestock death, poor access to water and pasture, and the death of loved ones are the main effects of climatic shocks. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that the Government in Nigeria should also improve the cash transfer programs. Insurance programs will also benefit the pastoralists because they will cushion them against harsh climatic conditions. The government should also introduce better livestock rearing projects such as stall-fed and pasture grazing. Moreover, value addition programs for livestock and livestock diversification, such as donkeys' introduction in the area for sale, milk, and cultivation, will be essential.