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Investigating the Effectiveness of Cement Kiln Dust as an Expansive Soil Stabilizer in Road Construction

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  • Ahereza Gilbert

    (School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University)

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of CKD on weak subgrade soil properties, to characterize the untreated soil and CKD, and to determine optimum CKD content that will achieve effective stabilization. The CKD was obtained from Tororo cement factory and the soil sample was obtained from one of the dumping sites along Kyenjojo-Fort-Portal road at Km 23+700 in Uganda. According to classification tests, the soil is an A-7-6. Using British Standard Heavy (BSH) compaction energy, the effect of varying concentrations of CKD on the soil properties was investigated with respect to compaction characteristics, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) tests. The natural soil exhibited medium expansive properties, with a liquid limit of 53.6% and plasticity index of 27.3%. Adding Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) significantly improved soil properties, reducing liquid limit and plasticity index. CKD also enhanced compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR), attributed to pozzolanic reactions and cementitious compound formation. Cement Kiln Dust can stabilize and improve the engineering properties of weak subgrade soils with adequate reactive SiO2 and Al2O3 so that in presence of water the two react with CaO to form cementitious properties.

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  • Ahereza Gilbert, 2025. "Investigating the Effectiveness of Cement Kiln Dust as an Expansive Soil Stabilizer in Road Construction," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(1), pages 1401-1412, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:i:1:p:1401-1412
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ali Y. Al-Bakri & Haitham M. Ahmed & Mohammed A. Hefni, 2022. "Cement Kiln Dust (CKD): Potential Beneficial Applications and Eco-Sustainable Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, June.
    2. Siddique, Rafat, 2006. "Utilization of cement kiln dust (CKD) in cement mortar and concrete—an overview," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 48(4), pages 315-338.
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