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Acceso a servicios de salud y mortalidad infantil en el Perú

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  • Ana Dammert

Abstract

El título original de la investigación es "Impacto del acceso a servicios de salud sobre la mortalidad infantil: 1991-1996". El programa de ajuste y las reformas estructurales realizadas en el Perú en la década pasada posibilitaron la estabilización macroeconómica y la reinserción del país en los mercados financieros internacionales. Sin embargo, las políticas de ajuste tuvieron efectos negativos sobre las condiciones de bienestar de la población más vulnerable. Factores como enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias, desnutrición crónica, bajo acceso a servicios de salud y condiciones reproductivas adversas persisten como obstáculos para el mejoramiento de la salud infantil. La relación empírica entre la mortalidad infantil y variables demográficas y/o sociales ha sido ampliamente analizada en la literatura, tanto en países desarrollados como en desarrollo, sin embargo, la relación entre mortalidad infantil y acceso a servicios de salud ha recibido menor atención. Incluso se han producido sesgos en los resultados obtenidos al considerarse a las variables ligadas a acceso a servicios de salud como exógenas al modelo, aún cuando estas variables forman parte de decisiones del hogar. En esta investigación se analizan los determinantes de la mortalidad infantil enfatizando su relación con el acceso a servicios de salud, medido a través de la atención del parto por profesionales de salud. En este contexto, se emplea como marco de referencia una aproximación microeconómica a partir de la función de producción de los hogares, donde la salud es vista como un stock de capital durable y el acceso a los servicios de salud como uno de los muchos insumos que participan en su producción. Este estudio se desarrolló como resultado del I Concurso Anual de Investigación CIES 1999, con el auspicio de la Agencia Canadiense para el Desarrollo Internacional (ACDI) y el Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo (IDRC, por sus siglas en inglés). Se publicó en la serie CIES Investigaciones Breves 18, 2001.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Dammert, 1999. "Acceso a servicios de salud y mortalidad infantil en el Perú," Investigaciones, Consorcio de Investigación Económica y Social.
    • Handle: RePEc:bbj:invcie:417
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