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Costo de transacción en la agricultura peruana: una primera aproximación a su medición e impacto

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  • Javier Escobal

Abstract

El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar empíricamente los factores que determinan las estrategias de vinculación al mercado de los productores agrarios en el Perú. Asimismo, estudia el papel de los costos de transacción en el comportamiento de los hogares rurales. Además, la investigación plantea e implementa una propuesta metodológica para cuantificar los costos de transacción. Los resultados muestran que los costos de transacción en el área bajo estudio (los distritos de Pazos y Huaribamba, en Tayacaja, Huancavelica) equivalen a 50 % del valor de venta y son apreciablemente más altos (60 %) para los productores conectados al mercado a través de caminos de herradura que para aquellos vinculados al mercado a través de caminos carrozables, confirmando la importancia de la inversión en infraestructura de caminos rurales. Se confirma también que los costos de transacción son bastante mayores para los pequeños que para los grandes productores (67 % frente a 32 % del valor de venta). Los resultados muestran que no solo la distancia o el tiempo al mercado son variables cruciales para explicar la estrategia de vinculación al mercado (esto es, cuánto vender y a qué mercado), sino también diversos indicadores como la experiencia del productor en el mercado donde opera, la estabilidad de sus relaciones con los agentes con que comercia y los recursos que invierte en obtener información relevante y en supervisar el cumplimiento de los contratos implícitos asociados a las transacciones realizadas. Este estudio se desarrolló con el auspicio de la Agencia Canadiense para el Desarrollo Internacional (ACDI) y el Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo (IDRC, por sus siglas en inglés). Se publicó como Documento de Trabajo GRADE 30, 2000.

Suggested Citation

  • Javier Escobal, 2000. "Costo de transacción en la agricultura peruana: una primera aproximación a su medición e impacto," Investigaciones, Consorcio de Investigación Económica y Social.
    • Handle: RePEc:bbj:invcie:304
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dirven, Martine, 2004. "Rural non-farm employment and rural diversity in Latin America," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • Q12 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
    • Q13 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness

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