The study of diachronic synonyms on the basis of the seme ‘‘hand’’ according to the texts of the dictionary entries of etymological dictionaries

The article examines the texts of dictionary articles describing the history and etymology of words with the ancient root ‘‘hand’’. As a result of the research, it was found that the synonymy series *ar, or, *man, *heir is formed on the basis of the ancient word ‘‘hand’’. These synonymous ancient roots form etymological types. Large groups of words headed by an etymon are united under the etymological type. This etymon can be Latin, Slavic, Greek, Indo-European or Nostratic. Within the framework of the etymological type of units considered, various seed movements were found. This research presents interesting cultural information and somewhat expands the view of modern lexicology on synonymy. The consideration of diachronic synonyms is not widespread, therefore the need for a closer study of the movement of the semantics of the language is becoming more and more relevant. In addition, the identification of seminal movements is also interesting in terms of historical morphemic changes, when words receive different prefixes, suffixes, inflections – their original meaning changes,but it is still possible to trace similarities (phonetic, morphological, semantic). The article also provides information about the origin of etymons, it is based on these data that entire etymological types, nests, and series are compiled.