Value theory dualism and the paradigmatic reconsideration of the insight into economic reality picture

The purpose of the article is to clarify the cognitive potential of the classical school and develop a vision of economy allowing us to study its development as a complex system. In this regard, it is proposed to proceed from the need to change the limited paradigm framework of mainstream theories based on an individualistic model of rational choice, and to use a methodology based on a value-rational model and the dual nature of economic activity, which acts as a carrier of system-wide and individual characteristics. The character of K. Marx’s dualistic approach to the analysis of value relations, the development of the theory of goods supply and the theory of demand are revealed. The significance of this approach for the revision of the concepts of value as a central category, as well as the categorical grid of economic theory in the context of the results of the two Cambridges debate is shown. The change of the previously dominant neoclassicism is accompanied today by the formation of a pluralistic mainstream, in which the paradigmatic basis of research that emerged at the end of the XIXth century as a result of the marginalist revolution is preserved, which leads to a fragmentary vision of the picture of economic reality. To clarify the cognitive potential of the classical school and develop an adequate vision of the picture of economic reality, it is proposed to proceed from the need to change the limited paradigm framework of mainstream theories based on an individualistic model of rational choice, and use a methodology that allows us to study the development of the economy as a complex system based on the value-rational model and the dual nature of economic activity acting as a carrier of system-wide and individual characteristics. The authors reveal the features of K. Marx’s dualistic approach to the analysis of value relations, the development of the theory of supply of goods and the theory of demand. The paper presents the provisions related to the use of this approach to revise the concepts of value as a central category, as well as the categorical grid of economic theory. The use of the dualistic approach within the framework of the classical paradigm allowed K. Marx to formulate not only the theory of the goods supply, but also the theory of demand. However, within the framework of its general logic, an adjustment and reconsideration of the categorical grid is required. In this regard, it is important to apply a dualistic approach to the analysis of value as a central category, which contributes to the meaningful study of a complex system of value and temporal characteristics of people’s economic activity in various institutional conditions.