Stress in organizations (in Persian)

Psychological strain, physical and mental pressur. called Stress is a part of daily life for all managers and employees. Organizational changes, expectations of employees from management, technological changes, society expectations and personal involvement cause a person to be strained and depressed so that he, or she gets involved in pressure, conflict, and frustration. As Dr. Selye explains, there is a difference between good stress and bad stress or distress and the mind is aware of the difference but the body is not and will experience wear and tear in any case. People do not experience stress in the same way. Somemanagers react promptly against and small incident while others are more tolerant and do not get disturbed. Stress is related to the goal- oriented activities of the individual. When some difficulty arises in this process, stress begins. The stressful experiences of any manager during daily work- life include frustration, anxiety and conflict. When the goal- oriented activities of the individual confront an obstacle, frustration appears and when a person is concerned with, or threatend by the possibility of future uncertainty, the individual experiences anxiety. When there are different behaviors possible to reach a goal or when a person must choose between goals, conflict may occur. Work- related stress is common among managers and employees in the work place. There are many ways to cope with stress. Maagers, because of their responsi-bilities, experience more stressful life. Therefore, by recognizing the situation, setting priorities, having break-time and rest, enjoing their life,avoiding doing many things at a time, setting verifiable objectives, having body exercises they can reduce stresses in their work environment.