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HIV-related stigma and knowledge in the United States: Prevalence and trends, 1991-1999

Author

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  • Herek, G.M.
  • Capitanio, J.P.
  • Widaman, K.F.

Abstract

Objectives. This study assessed the prevalence of AIDS stigma and misinformation about HIV transmission in 1997 and 1999 and examined trends in stigma in the United States during the 1990s. Methods. Telephone surveys with national probability samples of English-speaking adults were conducted in the period 1996 to 1997 (n = 1309) and in 1998 to 1999 (n = 669). Findings were compared with results from a similar 1991 survey. Results. Overt expressions of stigma declined throughout the 1990s, with support for its most extreme and coercive forms (e.g., quarantine) at very low levels by 1999. However, inaccurate beliefs about the risks posed by casual social contact increased, as did the belief that people with AIDS (PWAs) deserve their illness. In 1999, approximately one third of respondents expressed discomfort and negative feelings toward PWAs. Conclusions. Although support for extremely punitive policies toward PWAs has declined, AIDS remains a stigmatized condition in the United States. The persistence of discomfort with PWAs, blame directed at PWAs for their condition, and misapprehensions about casual social contact are cause for continuing concern and should be addressed in HIV prevention and education programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Herek, G.M. & Capitanio, J.P. & Widaman, K.F., 2002. "HIV-related stigma and knowledge in the United States: Prevalence and trends, 1991-1999," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 92(3), pages 371-377.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2002:92:3:371-377_2
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    Cited by:

    1. Dong, Xianlei & Wang, Jingguo & Hu, Beibei & Liu, Xiyu, 2019. "Female sex workers in HIV/AIDS prevention: A social network analysis perspective," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 523(C), pages 570-582.
    2. Abadía-Barrero, César Ernesto & Castro, Arachu, 2006. "Experiences of stigma and access to HAART in children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(5), pages 1219-1228, March.
    3. Dionius B. Mahamboro & Nelsensius K. Fauk & Paul R. Ward & Maria S. Merry & Theodorus A. Siri & Lillian Mwanri, 2020. "HIV Stigma and Moral Judgement: Qualitative Exploration of the Experiences of HIV Stigma and Discrimination among Married Men Living with HIV in Yogyakarta," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-15, January.
    4. Yiu, Jessie W. & Mak, Winnie W.S. & Ho, Winnie S. & Chui, Ying Yu, 2010. "Effectiveness of a knowledge-contact program in improving nursing students' attitudes and emotional competence in serving people living with HIV/AIDS," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 38-44, July.
    5. Rao, Deepa & Angell, Beth & Lam, Chow & Corrigan, Patrick, 2008. "Stigma in the workplace: Employer attitudes about people with HIV in Beijing, Hong Kong, and Chicago," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(10), pages 1541-1549, November.
    6. Carmen H Logie & Jesse I R Jenkinson & Valerie Earnshaw & Wangari Tharao & Mona R Loutfy, 2016. "A Structural Equation Model of HIV-Related Stigma, Racial Discrimination, Housing Insecurity and Wellbeing among African and Caribbean Black Women Living with HIV in Ontario, Canada," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(9), pages 1-20, September.
    7. Tsai, Alexander C. & Venkataramani, Atheendar S., 2015. "The causal effect of education on HIV stigma in Uganda: Evidence from a natural experiment," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 37-46.
    8. Arimoto, Yutaka & Ito, Seiro & Kudo, Yuya & Tsukada, Kazunari, 2013. "Stigma, Social Relationship and HIV Testing in the Workplace: Evidence from South Africa," CEI Working Paper Series 2012-06, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    9. Brent, Robert J., 2016. "The value of reducing HIV stigma," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 233-240.
    10. Alexander Cardazzi & Joshua C. Martin & Zachary Rodriguez, 2023. "Information shocks and celebrity exposure: The effect of “Magic” Johnson on AIDS diagnoses and mortality in the U.S," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 32(9), pages 2047-2079, September.
    11. Stuber, Jennifer & Galea, Sandro & Link, Bruce G., 2008. "Smoking and the emergence of a stigmatized social status," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(3), pages 420-430, August.
    12. Mak, Winnie W.S. & Mo, Phoenix K.H. & Cheung, Rebecca Y.M. & Woo, Jean & Cheung, Fanny M. & Lee, Dominic, 2006. "Comparative stigma of HIV/AIDS, SARS, and Tuberculosis in Hong Kong," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(7), pages 1912-1922, October.
    13. Simmons, Jazmyne V. & Carcioppolo, Nick & Peng, Wei & Huang, Qian & Seelig, Michelle & Katz, Rachel & Potter, JoNell, 2021. "90 DAYS: An investigation of a short entertainment-education film to improve HIV status disclosure among black women living with HIV in Miami-Dade County," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    14. Antonio Baldassarre & Gabriele Giorgi & Federico Alessio & Lucrezia Ginevra Lulli & Giulio Arcangeli & Nicola Mucci, 2020. "Stigma and Discrimination (SAD) at the Time of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-29, August.
    15. Mak, Winnie W.S. & Mo, Phoenix K.H. & Ma, Gloria Y.K. & Lam, Maggie Y.Y., 2017. "Meta-analysis and systematic review of studies on the effectiveness of HIV stigma reduction programs," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 30-40.
    16. Steward, Wayne T. & Herek, Gregory M. & Ramakrishna, Jayashree & Bharat, Shalini & Chandy, Sara & Wrubel, Judith & Ekstrand, Maria L., 2008. "HIV-related stigma: Adapting a theoretical framework for use in India," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(8), pages 1225-1235, October.
    17. Zarghamee, Homa S. & Messer, Kent D. & Fooks, Jacob R. & Schulze, William D. & Wu, Shang & Yan, Jubo, 2017. "Nudging charitable giving: Three field experiments," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 137-149.
    18. Lara Youssef & Souheil Hallit & Hala Sacre & Pascale Salameh & Michelle Cherfan & Marwan Akel & Mira Hleyhel, 2021. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards people living with HIV/AIDS in Lebanon," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(3), pages 1-15, March.

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