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Income inequality and mortality in US counties: Does minority racial concentration matter?

Author

Listed:
  • McLaughlin, D.K.
  • Stokes, C.S.

Abstract

This study examined (1) the relationship between income inequality and mortality among all counties in the contiguous United States to ascertain whether the relationships found for states and metropolitan areas extend to smaller geographic units and (2) the influence of minority racial concentration on the inequality-mortality linkage. Methods. This county-level ecologic analysis used data from the Compressed Mortality Files and the US Census, Weighted least squares regression models of age-, sex-, and race-adjusted county mortality rates were estimated to examine the additive and interactive effects of income inequality and minority racial concentration. Results. Higher income inequality at the county level was significantly associated with higher total mortality. Higher minority racial concentration also was significantly related to higher mortality and interacted with income inequality. Conclusions. The relationship between income inequality and mortality is robust for counties in the United States. Minority concentration interacts with income inequality, resulting in higher mortality in counties with low inequality and a high percentage of Blacks than in counties with high inequality and a high percentage of Blacks.

Suggested Citation

  • McLaughlin, D.K. & Stokes, C.S., 2002. "Income inequality and mortality in US counties: Does minority racial concentration matter?," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 92(1), pages 99-104.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2002:92:1:99-104_9
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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Zhuo & Roy, Kakoli & Haddix, Anne C. & Thacker, Stephen B., 2010. "Factors associated with differences in mortality and self-reported health across states in the United States," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(3), pages 203-210, March.
    2. Craig Gallet, 2009. "The Determinants of AIDS Mortality: Evidence from a State-Level Panel," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 37(4), pages 425-436, December.
    3. Yang, Tse-Chuan & Chen, Vivian Yi-Ju & Shoff, Carla & Matthews, Stephen A., 2012. "Using quantile regression to examine the effects of inequality across the mortality distribution in the U.S. counties," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(12), pages 1900-1910.
    4. Angus Deaton, 2003. "Health, Inequality, and Economic Development," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 41(1), pages 113-158, March.
    5. repec:rre:publsh:v:38:y:2008:i:1:p:45-65 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Connor Donegan & Yongwan Chun & Daniel A. Griffith, 2021. "Modeling Community Health with Areal Data: Bayesian Inference with Survey Standard Errors and Spatial Structure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-27, June.
    7. Ram, Rati, 2005. "Income inequality, poverty, and population health: Evidence from recent data for the United States," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 61(12), pages 2568-2576, December.
    8. Yijie Zhou & Francesca Dominici & Thomas A. Louis, 2010. "Racial disparities in risks of mortality in a sample of the US Medicare population," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 59(2), pages 319-339, March.
    9. Tse-Chuan Yang & Stephen A Matthews, 2015. "Death by Segregation: Does the Dimension of Racial Segregation Matter?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(9), pages 1-26, September.
    10. Grembowski, David & Bekemeier, Betty & Conrad, Douglas & Kreuter, William, 2010. "Are local health department expenditures related to racial disparities in mortality?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(12), pages 2057-2065, December.
    11. Lee, Matthew R., 2010. "The protective effects of civic communities against all-cause mortality," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(11), pages 1840-1846, June.
    12. Muhammad Umar Boodoo & Irene Henriques & Bryan W. Husted, 2022. "Putting the “Love of Humanity” Back in Corporate Philanthropy: The Case of Health Grants by Corporate Foundations," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 178(2), pages 415-428, June.
    13. Masayoshi Oka, 2023. "Conceptual and Methodological Arguments against the Use of Location Quotient as an Area-Based Measure of Residential Segregation: A Measurement Perspective," Societies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-13, December.
    14. Lhila, Aparna, 2009. "Does government provision of healthcare explain the relationship between income inequality and low birthweight?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(8), pages 1236-1245, October.
    15. Clark, Joseph, 2020. "Investment in local health-shaping institutions: Reconsidering the role of the religious environment," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    16. Gyawali, Buddhi Raj & Fraser, Rory & Banerjee, Ban & Bukenya, James O., 2009. "Income Convergence and Growth in Alabama: Evidence from Sub-county Level Data," 2009 Annual Meeting, January 31-February 3, 2009, Atlanta, Georgia 46713, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    17. Hutchinson, Rebbeca N. & Putt, Mary A. & Dean, Lorraine T. & Long, Judith A. & Montagnet, Chantal A. & Armstrong, Katrina, 2009. "Neighborhood racial composition, social capital and black all-cause mortality in Philadelphia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(10), pages 1859-1865, May.
    18. Chinyere O. Agbai, 2023. "The Structure of Pandemic Vulnerability: Housing Wealth, Residential Segregation, and COVID-19 Mortality," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 42(5), pages 1-30, October.
    19. Wilkinson, Richard G & Pickett, Kate E., 2006. "Income inequality and population health: A review and explanation of the evidence," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(7), pages 1768-1784, April.
    20. John Bistlinea & Chikara Onda & Morgan Browning & Johannes Emmerling & Gokul Iyer & Megan Mahajan & Jim McFarland & Haewon McJeon & Robbie Orvis & Francisco Ralston Fonseca & Christopher Roney & Noah , 2024. "Equity Implications of Net-Zero Emissions: A Multi-Model Analysis of Energy Expenditures Across Income Classes Under Economy-Wide Deep Decarbonization Policies," Papers 2405.18748, arXiv.org.
    21. Jaclyn Butler & Grace A. Wildermuth & Brian C. Thiede & David L. Brown, 2020. "Population Change and Income Inequality in Rural America," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 39(5), pages 889-911, October.
    22. Zheng, Hui, 2012. "Do people die from income inequality of a decade ago?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(1), pages 36-45.
    23. Scheffler, Richard M. & Brown, Timothy T. & Syme, Leonard & Kawachi, Ichiro & Tolstykh, Irina & Iribarren, Carlos, 2008. "Community-level social capital and recurrence of acute coronary syndrome," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(7), pages 1603-1613, April.

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