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The effect of WIC and Medicaid on infant mortality in the United States

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  • Moss, N.E.
  • Carver, K.

Abstract

Objectives. This study examined the impact of participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and Medicaid on risk of infant death in the United States. Methods. The 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey was used to consider the risk of endogenous and exogenous deaths among infants of women participating in WIC and Medicaid during pregnancy and the infant's first year. Results. Participation in the WIC program during pregnancy and infancy was associated with a reduced risk of endogenous and exogenous infant death (odds ratios [ORs] = 0.68 and 0.62, respectively). The risk of endogenous death among infants whose mothers participated in Medicaid during pregnancy was equal to that of the privately insured (OR = 1.04). Uninsured infants faced higher risks of endogenous death (OR = 1.42). Conclusions. These results show that it is important to consider the net effect of WIC and Medicaid participation and to differentiate both the timing of program receipt and cause of death. Evidence suggests that WIC and Medicaid programs have beneficial effects for poor women and their infants.

Suggested Citation

  • Moss, N.E. & Carver, K., 1998. "The effect of WIC and Medicaid on infant mortality in the United States," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 88(9), pages 1354-1361.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1998:88:9:1354-1361_8
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    Cited by:

    1. Sohn, Heeju, 2017. "Medicaid's lasting impressions: Population health and insurance at birth," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 205-212.
    2. Gundersen, Craig, 2005. "A dynamic analysis of the well-being of WIC recipients and eligible non-recipients," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 99-114, January.
    3. Ted Joyce & Diane Gibson & Silvie Colman, 2004. "The Changing Association Between Prenatal Participation in WIC and Birth Outcomes in New York City," NBER Working Papers 10796, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    4. Kramer-LeBlanc, Carol S. & Mardis, Anne & Gerrior, Shirley & Gaston, Nancy, 1999. "Review of the Nutritional Status of WIC Participants: Final Report," CNPP Reports 311251, United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion.
    5. Marianne P. Bitler & Janet Currie, 2004. "Medicaid at Birth, WIC Take Up, and Children's Outcomes," Working Papers 172, RAND Corporation.
    6. Janet Currie, 2003. "US Food and Nutrition Programs," NBER Chapters, in: Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States, pages 199-290, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

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