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Lead concentrations in inner city soils as a factor in the child lead problem

Author

Listed:
  • Mielke, H.W.
  • Anderson, J.C.
  • Berry, K.J.
  • Mielke, P.W.
  • Chaney, R.L.
  • Leech, M.

Abstract

Soil samples were randomly collected from 422 vegetable gardens in a study area centered in downtown Baltimore, Maryland, and having a radius of 48.28 km (30 miles). The levels of lead, four other metals (cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc), and pH were measured for each location. The application of multi-response permutation procedures, which are compatible with mapping techniques, reveals that lead (as well as cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc) is concentrated and ubiquitous within the soils of the inner-city area of Metropolitan Baltimore. The probability values that the concentration of metals occurred by chance alone vary from about 10-15 to 10-23 depending on the metal considered. Our findings pose evironmental and public health issues, especially to children living within the inner-city.

Suggested Citation

  • Mielke, H.W. & Anderson, J.C. & Berry, K.J. & Mielke, P.W. & Chaney, R.L. & Leech, M., 1983. "Lead concentrations in inner city soils as a factor in the child lead problem," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 73(12), pages 1366-1369.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1983:73:12:1366-1369_7
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Moussa M. Diawara & Sofy Shrestha & Jim Carsella & Shanna Farmer, 2018. "Smelting Remains a Public Health Risk Nearly a Century Later: A Case Study in Pueblo, Colorado, USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-15, May.
    2. Kirsten Schwarz & Bethany B. Cutts & Jonathan K. London & Mary L. Cadenasso, 2016. "Growing Gardens in Shrinking Cities: A Solution to the Soil Lead Problem?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-11, February.
    3. Richard A. Denison & Ellen K. Silbergeld, 1988. "Risks of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration: An Environmental Perspective," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 8(3), pages 343-355, September.
    4. Sara Perl Egendorf & Howard W. Mielke & Jorge A. Castorena-Gonzalez & Eric T. Powell & Christopher R. Gonzales, 2021. "Soil Lead (Pb) in New Orleans: A Spatiotemporal and Racial Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-11, February.
    5. Maja Radziemska & Joanna Fronczyk, 2015. "Level and Contamination Assessment of Soil along an Expressway in an Ecologically Valuable Area in Central Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-16, October.
    6. Clay, Karen & Portnykh, Margarita & Severnini, Edson, 2019. "The legacy lead deposition in soils and its impact on cognitive function in preschool-aged children in the United States," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 181-192.
    7. Howard W. Mielke & Christopher Gonzales & Eric Powell & Paul W. Mielke, 2005. "Changes of Multiple Metal Accumulation (MMA) in New Orleans Soil: Preliminary Evaluation of Differences between Survey I (1992) and Survey II (2000)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 2(2), pages 1-6, August.
    8. Christopher R. Gonzales & Anna A. Paltseva & Trevor Bell & Eric T. Powell & Howard W. Mielke, 2021. "Agreement ℜ of Four Analytical Methods Applied to Pb in Soils from the Small City of St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-11, September.
    9. Howard W. Mielke, 2018. "Dynamic Geochemistry of Tetraethyl Lead Dust during the 20th Century: Getting the Lead In, Out, and Translational Beyond," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-8, April.
    10. Raimundo Jiménez-Ballesta & Isabel S. De Soto-García & Francisco Jesús García-Navarro & Rosario García-Giménez, 2022. "Recognizing the Importance of an Urban Soil in an Open-Air City Museum: An Opportunity in the City of Madrid, Spain," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-13, December.
    11. Howard W. Mielke & Christopher Gonzales & Eric Powell & Paul W. Mielke, 2014. "Evolving from Reactive to Proactive Medicine: Community Lead (Pb) and Clinical Disparities in Pre- and Post-Katrina New Orleans," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-10, July.
    12. Howard W. Mielke & Christopher R. Gonzales & Eric T. Powell & Sara Perl Egendorf, 2022. "Lead in Air, Soil, and Blood: Pb Poisoning in a Changing World," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-11, August.
    13. Kirsten Schwarz & Richard V. Pouyat & Ian Yesilonis, 2016. "Legacies of Lead in Charm City’s Soil: Lessons from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, February.
    14. Zhiming Zhang & Dibyendu Sarkar & Frances Levy & Rupali Datta, 2023. "Chemically Catalyzed Phytoextraction for Sustainable Cleanup of Soil Lead Contamination in a Community Garden in Jersey City, New Jersey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-12, May.
    15. Howard W. Mielke & Christopher R. Gonzales & Eric T. Powell, 2019. "Curtailing Lead Aerosols: Effects of Primary Prevention on Declining Soil Lead and Children’s Blood Lead in Metropolitan New Orleans," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-10, June.
    16. Alana M. W. LeBrón & Ivy R. Torres & Enrique Valencia & Miriam López Dominguez & Deyaneira Guadalupe Garcia-Sanchez & Michael D. Logue & Jun Wu, 2019. "The State of Public Health Lead Policies: Implications for Urban Health Inequities and Recommendations for Health Equity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-28, March.

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