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Mental health of transgender veterans in US States with and without discrimination and hate crime legal protection

Author

Listed:
  • Blosnich, J.R.
  • Marsiglio, M.C.
  • Gao, S.
  • Gordon, A.J.
  • Shipherd, J.C.
  • Kauth, M.
  • Brown, G.R.
  • Fine, M.J.

Abstract

Objectives. To examine whether indicators of community- and state-level lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender equality are associated with transgender veterans' mental health. Methods. We extracted Veterans Administration data for patients who were diagnosed with gender identity disorder, had at least 1 visit in 2013, and lived in a zip code with a Municipality Equality Index score (n = 1640). We examined the associations of whether a state included transgender status in employment nondiscrimination laws and in hate crimes laws with mood disorders; alcohol, illicit drug, and tobacco use disorders; posttraumatic stress disorder; and suicidal ideation or attempt. Results. Nearly half (47.3%) of the sample lived in states with employment discrimination protection, and 44.8% lived in states with hate crimes protection. Employment nondiscrimination protection was associated with 26% decreased odds of mood disorders (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59, 0.93) and 43% decreased odds of self-directed violence (AOR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.34, 0.95). Conclusions. Understanding lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender social stressors can inform treatment and care coordination for transgender populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Blosnich, J.R. & Marsiglio, M.C. & Gao, S. & Gordon, A.J. & Shipherd, J.C. & Kauth, M. & Brown, G.R. & Fine, M.J., 2016. "Mental health of transgender veterans in US States with and without discrimination and hate crime legal protection," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 106(3), pages 534-540.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2015.302981_4
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302981
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    Cited by:

    1. Lad, Saloni U. & Sinopoli, Jacob & Khong, Brian & Conroy, Britt & Perzynski, Adam T. & del Rincon, Juan P., 2024. "Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics as predictors for quality of life in transmasculine and transfeminine individuals receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 346(C).
    2. Lewis, Tom & Doyle, David Matthew & Barreto, Manuela & Jackson, Debby, 2021. "Social relationship experiences of transgender people and their relational partners: A meta-synthesis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    3. Wang, Hongning & Ma, Sanjun, 2022. "Preventing crimes against public health with artificial intelligence and machine learning capabilities," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    4. Ethan C Cicero & Sari L Reisner & Elizabeth I Merwin & Janice C Humphreys & Susan G Silva, 2020. "The health status of transgender and gender nonbinary adults in the United States," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, February.

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