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Trends in US older adult disability: Exploring age, period, and cohort effects

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  • Lin, S.-F.
  • Beck, A.N.
  • Finch, B.K.
  • Hummer, R.A.
  • Master, R.K.

Abstract

Objectives. We elucidated how US late-life disability prevalence has changed over the past 3 decades. Methods. We examined activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability trends by using age-period-cohort (APC) models among older adults aged 70 years or older who responded to the National Health Interview Survey between 1982 and 2009. We fitted logistic regressions for ADL and IADL disabilities and for each of the 3 APC trends with 2 models: unadjusted and fully adjusted for age, period, cohort, and sociodemographic variables. Results. The unadjusted and adjusted period trends showed a substantial decline in IADL disability, and ADL disability remained stable across time. Unadjusted cohort trends for both outcomes also showed continual declines across successive cohorts; however, increasing cohort trends were evident in the adjusted models. Conclusions. More recent cohorts of US older adults are becoming more disabled, net of aging and period effects. The net upward cohort trends in ADL and IADL disabilities remain unexplained. Further studies should explore cohortspecific determinants contributing to the increase of cohort-based disability among US older adults.

Suggested Citation

  • Lin, S.-F. & Beck, A.N. & Finch, B.K. & Hummer, R.A. & Master, R.K., 2012. "Trends in US older adult disability: Exploring age, period, and cohort effects," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(11), pages 2157-2163.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2011.300602_3
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2011.300602
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    Cited by:

    1. Patrizio Vanella & Moritz Heß & Christina B. Wilke, 2020. "A probabilistic projection of beneficiaries of long-term care insurance in Germany by severity of disability," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 943-974, June.
    2. J. Jona Schellekens, 2019. "Explaining Disability Trends in the United States, 1963–2015," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 45(4), pages 819-834, December.
    3. Lasse Lybecker Scheel-Hincke & Sören Möller & Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen & Bernard Jeune & Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt, 2020. "Cross-national comparison of sex differences in ADL and IADL in Europe: findings from SHARE," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 69-79, March.
    4. Beck, Audrey N. & Finch, Brian K. & Lin, Shih-Fan & Hummer, Robert A. & Masters, Ryan K., 2014. "Racial disparities in self-rated health: Trends, explanatory factors, and the changing role of socio-demographics," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 163-177.
    5. Joelle H. Fong, 2017. "Old-age Frailty Patterns and Implications for Long-term Care Programmes," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 42(1), pages 114-128, January.
    6. Stefan Fors & Stefania Illinca & Janet Jull & Selma Kadi & Susan Phillips & Ricardo Rodrigues & Afshin Vafaei & Eszter Zolyomi & Johan Rehnberg, 2022. "Cohort-specific disability trajectories among older women and men in Europe 2004–2017," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 1111-1119, December.
    7. Rapp, Thomas & Sicsic, Jonathan, 2020. "The contribution of the immigrant population to the U.S. long-term care workforce," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    8. Nicholas J. Bishop & Natalie D. Eggum-Wilkens & Steven A. Haas & Jennie J. Kronenfeld, 2016. "Estimating the Co-Development of Cognitive Decline and Physical Mobility Limitations in Older U.S. Adults," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 53(2), pages 337-364, April.
    9. John Rodwell & Thomas Hendry & Dianne Johnson, 2022. "A Parsimonious Taxonomy of The Newly Retired: Spousal and Disability Combinations Shape Part or Complete Retirement," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-13, October.

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