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An outcome evaluation of the sources of strength suicide prevention program delivered by adolescent peer leaders in high schools

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  • Wyman, P.A.
  • Brown, C.H.
  • LoMurray, M.
  • Schmeelk-Cone, K.
  • Petrova, M.
  • Yu, Q.
  • Walsh, E.
  • Tu, X.
  • Wang, W.

Abstract

Objectives. We examined the effectiveness of the Sources of Strength suicide prevention program in enhancing protective factors among peer leaders trained to conduct schoolwide messaging and among the full population of high school students. Methods. Eighteen high schools-6 metropolitan and 12 rural-were randomly assigned to immediate intervention or the wait-list control. Surveys were administered at baseline and 4 months after program implementation to 453 peer leaders in all schools and to 2675 students selected as representative of the 12 rural schools. Results. Training improved the peer leaders' adaptive norms regarding suicide, their connectedness to adults, and their school engagement, with the largest gains for those entering with the least adaptive norms. Trained peer leaders in larger schools were 4 times as likely as were untrained peer leaders to refer a suicidal friend to an adult. Among students, the intervention increased perceptions of adult support for suicidal youths and the acceptability of seeking help. Perception of adult support increased most in students with a history of suicidal ideation. Conclusions. Sources of Strength is the first suicide prevention program involving peer leaders to enhance protective factors associated with reducing suicide at the school population level.

Suggested Citation

  • Wyman, P.A. & Brown, C.H. & LoMurray, M. & Schmeelk-Cone, K. & Petrova, M. & Yu, Q. & Walsh, E. & Tu, X. & Wang, W., 2010. "An outcome evaluation of the sources of strength suicide prevention program delivered by adolescent peer leaders in high schools," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(9), pages 1653-1661.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2009.190025_3
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.190025
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    1. Brann, Kristy L. & Baker, Derek & Smith-Millman, Mills K. & Watt, Sarah J. & DiOrio, Courtney, 2021. "A meta-analysis of suicide prevention programs for school-aged youth," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    2. Berny, Lauren M. & Tanner-Smith, Emily E., 2024. "Interpersonal violence and suicide risk: Examining buffering effects of school and community connectedness," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    3. Christa D. Labouliere & Marjorie Kleinman & Madelyn S. Gould, 2015. "When Self-Reliance Is Not Safe: Associations between Reduced Help-Seeking and Subsequent Mental Health Symptoms in Suicidal Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Sekhar, Deepa L. & Gebremariam, Acham & Waxmonsky, James G. & Molinari, Alissa M. & Rosen, Perri & Clark, Sarah J., 2023. "Parent opinion on peer support programs to promote adolescent mental health," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    5. Victoria Banyard & Kimberly J. Mitchell & Michele L. Ybarra, 2021. "Exposure to Self-Directed Violence: Understanding Intention to Help and Helping Behaviors among Adolescents and Emerging Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-17, August.
    6. Alberto Valido & Matthew Rivas-Koehl & Dane Rivas-Koehl & Dorothy L. Espelage & Timothy I. Lawrence & Luz E. Robinson, 2022. "Latent Class Analysis of Victimization Patterns and Associated Protective Factors among LGBTQ Youth," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-20, August.
    7. De Luca, Susan M. & Yueqi, Yan & Padilla, Yolanda, 2017. "A longitudinal examination of how mothers' and fathers' mental health and thoughts of death are related to their child's self-reported levels of parental connectedness," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 235-241.
    8. De Luca, Susan M. & Yan, Yueqi & Johnston, Carol, 2020. "“Can we talk?”: A longitudinal analysis of Latino & non-Hispanic parent-child connectedness & adolescent ideation," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    9. Isabella Pistone & Ulrika Beckman & Erik Eriksson & Helena Lagerlöf & Morten Sager, 2019. "The effects of educational interventions on suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 65(5), pages 399-412, August.
    10. Madelyn S. Gould & Alison M. Lake & Marjorie Kleinman & Hanga Galfalvy & Saba Chowdhury & Alison Madnick, 2018. "Exposure to Suicide in High Schools: Impact on Serious Suicidal Ideation/Behavior, Depression, Maladaptive Coping Strategies, and Attitudes toward Help-Seeking," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-17, March.
    11. Omar Baza-Arce & Angélica Juárez-Loya & Catalina González-Forteza, 2024. "Developmental Assets and Their Relationship to Suicidal Behavior in Mexican Young Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(8), pages 1-11, August.
    12. Tanya Manchanda & Alan Stein & Mina Fazel, 2023. "Investigating the Role of Friendship Interventions on the Mental Health Outcomes of Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Range and a Systematic Review of Effectiveness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-24, January.
    13. Zimmerman, Gregory M. & Rees, Carter & Posick, Chad & Zimmerman, Lori A., 2016. "The power of (Mis)perception: Rethinking suicide contagion in youth friendship networks," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 31-38.

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