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The high costs of aggression: Public expenditures resulting from conduct disorder

Author

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  • Foster, E.M.
  • Jones, D.E.
  • Greenberg, M.I.

Abstract

Objectives. We explored the economic implications of conduct disorder (CD) among adolescents in 4 poor communities in the United States. We examined a range of expenditures related to this disorder across multiple public sectors, including mental health, general health, school, and juvenile justice. Methods. We used self- and parental-report data to estimate expenditures during a 7-year period in late adolescence of a sample of youths. We contrasted expenditures for youths with CD and youths with oppositional defiant disorder, elevated symptoms (no CD diagnosis), and all others. Diagnosis was determined with a structured assessment. Results. Additional public costs per child related to CD exceeded $70000 over a 7-year period. Conclusions. Public expenditures on youths with CD are substantially larger than for youths with closely related conditions, reflecting the importance of prevention and early treatment for the disorder.

Suggested Citation

  • Foster, E.M. & Jones, D.E. & Greenberg, M.I., 2005. "The high costs of aggression: Public expenditures resulting from conduct disorder," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(10), pages 1767-1772.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2004.061424_4
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.061424
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    1. Rissanen, Elisa & Karjalainen, Piia & Kiviruusu, Olli & Kankaanpää, Eila & Aronen, Eeva T. & Haula, Taru & Sääksvuori, Lauri & Vornanen, Riitta & Linnosmaa, Ismo, 2024. "Cost-effectiveness of a parenting program to reduce children’s behavioral problems among families receiving child protection services and other family support services – A randomized controlled trial," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    2. Manish S Dalwani & Mary Agnes McMahon & Susan K Mikulich-Gilbertson & Susan E Young & Michael F Regner & Kristen M Raymond & Shannon K McWilliams & Marie T Banich & Jody L Tanabe & Thomas J Crowley & , 2015. "Female Adolescents with Severe Substance and Conduct Problems Have Substantially Less Brain Gray Matter Volume," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-19, May.
    3. E. Michael Foster & Michele M. Porter & Tim S. Ayers & Debra L. Kaplan & Irwin Sandler, 2007. "Estimating the Costs of Preventive Interventions," Evaluation Review, , vol. 31(3), pages 261-286, June.
    4. Stutzman, Stephen V. & Bean, Roy A. & Miller, Richard B. & Day, Randall D. & Feinauer, Leslie L. & Porter, Chris L. & Moore, Adam, 2011. "Marital conflict and adolescent outcomes: A cross-ethnic group comparison of Latino and European American youth," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 663-668, May.
    5. Havlicek, Judy R. & Garcia, Antonio R. & Smith, Douglas C., 2013. "Mental health and substance use disorders among foster youth transitioning to adulthood: Past research and future directions," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 194-203.
    6. Annis Lai Chu Fung, 2021. "The Significance of Family Structure in Internalizing (Anxious/Depressed) and Externalizing (Aggressive/Delinquent) Problems among Chinese Adolescents," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 16(6), pages 2403-2418, December.
    7. Knapp, Martin & King, Derek & Healey, Andrew & Thomas, Cicely, 2011. "Economic outcomes in adulthood and their associations with antisocial conduct, attention deficit and anxiety problems in childhood," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 38200, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Martha Ellen Wynne & Ashley E. Ausikaitis & Mary Satchwell, 2013. "Adult Outcomes for Children and Adolescents With EBD," SAGE Open, , vol. 3(1), pages 21582440134, March.

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