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To house or not to house: The effects of providing housing to homeless substance abusers in treatment

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  • Milby, J.B.
  • Schumacher, J.E.
  • Wallace, D.
  • Freedman, M.J.
  • Vuchinich, R.E.

Abstract

Objectives. Housing typically is not provided to homeless persons during drug abuse treatment. We examined how treatment outcomes were affected under 3 different housing provision conditions. Methods. We studied 196 cocaine-dependent participants who received day treatment and no housing (NH), housing contingent on drug abstinence (ACH), or housing not contingent on abstinence (NACH). Drug use was monitored with urine testing. Results. The ACH group had a higher prevalence of drug abstinence than the NACH group (after control for treatment attendance), which in turn had a higher prevalence than the NH group. All 3 groups showed significant improvement in maintaining employment and housing. Conclusions. The results of this and previous trials indicate that providing abstinence-contingent housing to homeless substance abusers in treatment is an efficacious, effective, and practical intervention. Programs to provide such housing should be considered in policy initiatives.

Suggested Citation

  • Milby, J.B. & Schumacher, J.E. & Wallace, D. & Freedman, M.J. & Vuchinich, R.E., 2005. "To house or not to house: The effects of providing housing to homeless substance abusers in treatment," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(7), pages 1259-1265.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2004.039743_3
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2004.039743
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    Cited by:

    1. David Patton, 2024. "The Power, Capacity, and Resiliency of Women in Substance Use Disorder Recovery to Overcome Multiple and Complex Housing Transitions," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Ciara Keenan & Sarah Miller & Jennifer Hanratty & Terri Pigott & Jayne Hamilton & Christopher Coughlan & Peter Mackie & Suzanne Fitzpatrick & John Cowman, 2021. "Accommodation‐based interventions for individuals experiencing, or at risk of experiencing, homelessness," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(2), June.
    3. William N. Evans & David C. Phillips & Krista Ruffini, 2021. "Policies To Reduce And Prevent Homelessness: What We Know And Gaps In The Research," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(3), pages 914-963, June.
    4. Chris O'Leary & Rob Ralphs & Jennifer Stevenson & Andrew Smith & Jordan Harrison & Zsolt Kiss & Harry Armitage, 2024. "The effectiveness of abstinence‐based and harm reduction‐based interventions in reducing problematic substance use in adults who are experiencing homelessness in high income countries: A systematic re," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 20(2), June.
    5. Jiafeng Gu & Xing Ming, 2021. "The Influence of Living Conditions on Self-Rated Health: Evidence from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-15, August.
    6. Julia R. Woodhall-Melnik & James R. Dunn, 2016. "A systematic review of outcomes associated with participation in Housing First programs," Housing Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(3), pages 287-304, April.
    7. Aliza Moledina & Olivia Magwood & Eric Agbata & Jui‐Hsia Hung & Ammar Saad & Kednapa Thavorn & Ginetta Salvalaggio & Gary Bloch & David Ponka & Tim Aubry & Claire Kendall & Kevin Pottie, 2021. "A comprehensive review of prioritised interventions to improve the health and wellbeing of persons with lived experience of homelessness," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(2), June.
    8. Josefina Alvarez & Leonard A. Jason & Margaret I. Davis & Bradley D. Olson & Joseph R. Ferrari, 2009. "Latinos and Latinas in Communal Settings: A Grounded Theory of Recovery," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-18, March.
    9. Wong, Yin-Ling Irene & Poulin, Stephen R. & Lee, Sungeun & Davis, Morris R. & Hadley, Trevor R., 2008. "Tracking residential outcomes of supported independent living programs for persons with serious mental illness," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 416-426, November.

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