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Painting a truer picture of US socioeconomic and racial/ethnic health inequalities: The public health disparities geocoding project

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  • Krieger, N.
  • Chen, J.T.
  • Waterman, P.D.
  • Rehkopf, D.H.
  • Subramanian, S.V.

Abstract

Objectives. We describe a method to facilitate routine monitoring of socioeconomic health disparities in the United States. Methods. We analyzed geocoded public health surveillance data including events from birth to death (c. 1990) linked to 1990 census tract (CT) poverty data for Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Results. For virtually all outcomes, risk increased with CT poverty, and when we adjusted for CT poverty racial/ethnic disparities were substantially reduced. For half the outcomes, more than 50% of cases would not have occurred if population rates equaled those of persons in the least impoverished CTs. In the early 1990s, persons in the least impoverished CT were the only group meeting Healthy People 2000 objectives a decade ahead. Conclusions. Geocoding and use of the CT poverty measure permit routine monitoring of US socioeconomic inequalities in health, using a common and accessible metric.

Suggested Citation

  • Krieger, N. & Chen, J.T. & Waterman, P.D. & Rehkopf, D.H. & Subramanian, S.V., 2005. "Painting a truer picture of US socioeconomic and racial/ethnic health inequalities: The public health disparities geocoding project," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 95(2), pages 312-323.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:10.2105/ajph.2003.032482_7
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2003.032482
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    3. Scribner, Richard Allen & Theall, Katherine P. & Simonsen, Neal R. & Mason, Karen E. & Yu, Qingzhao, 2009. "Misspecification of the effect of race in fixed effects models of health inequalities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(11), pages 1584-1591, December.
    4. Subramanian, S.V. & Elwert, Felix & Christakis, Nicholas, 2008. "Widowhood and mortality among the elderly: The modifying role of neighborhood concentration of widowed individuals," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 66(4), pages 873-884, February.
    5. Brenner, M. Harvey, 2017. "Small networks, evolution of knowledge and species longevity: Theoretical integration and empirical test," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 314-322.
    6. Mehta, Neil K. & Lee, Hedwig & Ylitalo, Kelly R., 2013. "Child health in the United States: Recent trends in racial/ethnic disparities," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 6-15.
    7. Rehm, Colin D. & Moudon, Anne V. & Hurvitz, Philip M. & Drewnowski, Adam, 2012. "Residential property values are associated with obesity among women in King County, WA, USA," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(3), pages 491-495.
    8. Corsi, Daniel J. & Finlay, Jocelyn E. & Subramanian, S.V., 2012. "Weight of communities: A multilevel analysis of body mass index in 32,814 neighborhoods in 57 low- to middle-income countries (LMICs)," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(2), pages 311-322.
    9. Ramraj, Chantel & Shahidi, Faraz Vahid & Darity, William & Kawachi, Ichiro & Zuberi, Daniyal & Siddiqi, Arjumand, 2016. "Equally inequitable? A cross-national comparative study of racial health inequalities in the United States and Canada," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 19-26.
    10. Zick, Cathleen D. & Smith, Ken R. & Fan, Jessie X. & Brown, Barbara B. & Yamada, Ikuho & Kowaleski-Jones, Lori, 2009. "Running to the Store? The relationship between neighborhood environments and the risk of obesity," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 69(10), pages 1493-1500, November.
    11. Paul, Kathleen & Boutain, Doris & Manhart, Lisa & Hitti, Jane, 2008. "Racial disparity in bacterial vaginosis: the role of socioeconomic status, psychosocial stress, and neighborhood characteristics, and possible implications for preterm birth," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 67(5), pages 824-833, September.

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