IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ani/irdjom/v4y2022i2p398-408.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of Board Characteristics, Firm Level Factors and Political Connections on Cost of Capital: Evidence from Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Bilal Ijaz

    (Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.)

  • Awais Javeed

    (Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan)

  • Sahar Afshan

    (M.Phil Scholar, Department of Management Sciences, University of Gujrat, Pakistan)

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of board characteristics, firm level factors and political connections on cost of capital. The sample of study comprises of 175 non-financial companies listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2021. Fixed effect model is used for analysis of data. The findings revealed that Increasing board independence and leverage has a negativeinfluence on the cost of capital. Whereas, Board size, Audit committee size impact the cost of capital positively. The study resolute that the cost of capital is not influenced by political connections, firm size, or institutional ownership. The research identified that there was a decline in the cost of capital, along with an increase in board independence and leverage. In addition, the cost of capital is unaffected by political connections, the size of firms and institutional shareholdings. In contrast, the cost of capital grew due to an increase in the size of the Board and the Audit Committee. The study suggests that In Pakistan non-financial firm’s maximum family own business and very low focus on management and foreign owners. Alternative prospective of managerial and foreign ownership firms should minimized the agency problems as family ownership. And for the best improvement of corporate governance board of directors should bring a transparency, accountability and fairness financial reporting.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Bilal Ijaz & Awais Javeed & Sahar Afshan, 2022. "Impact of Board Characteristics, Firm Level Factors and Political Connections on Cost of Capital: Evidence from Pakistan," iRASD Journal of Management, International Research Alliance for Sustainable Development (iRASD), vol. 4(2), pages 400-410, june.
    • Handle: RePEc:ani:irdjom:v:4:y:2022:i:2:p:398-408
    DOI: 10.52131/jom.2022.0402.0087
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/jom/article/view/846/498
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/jom/article/view/846
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.52131/jom.2022.0402.0087?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Berger, Philip G & Ofek, Eli & Yermack, David L, 1997. "Managerial Entrenchment and Capital Structure Decisions," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(4), pages 1411-1438, September.
    2. Jensen, Michael C. & Meckling, William H., 1976. "Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 305-360, October.
    3. Roe, Mark J., 2006. "Political Determinants of Corporate Governance: Political Context, Corporate Impact," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199205301, Decembrie.
    4. Beck, T.H.L. & Demirgüc-Kunt, A. & Maksimovic, V., 2008. "Financing patterns around the world : Are small firms different?," Other publications TiSEM 7078f1cc-51a6-4556-b193-d, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    5. Ashraf, Junaid & Ghani, WaQar I., 2005. "Accounting development in Pakistan," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 175-201.
    6. Wong, Wai-Yan & Hooy, Chee-Wooi, 2018. "Do types of political connection affect firm performance differently?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 297-317.
    7. Beck, Thorsten & Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli & Maksimovic, Vojislav, 2008. "Financing patterns around the world: Are small firms different?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(3), pages 467-487, September.
    8. Marcus V. Braga‐Alves & Kuldeep Shastri, 2011. "Corporate Governance, Valuation, and Performance: Evidence from a Voluntary Market Reform in Brazil," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 40(1), pages 139-157, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rana El Bahsh & Ali Alattar & Aziz N. Yusuf, 2018. "Firm, Industry and Country Level Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from Jordan," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 8(2), pages 175-190.
    2. Mateev, Miroslav & Poutziouris, Panikkos & Ivanov, Konstantin, 2013. "On the determinants of SME capital structure in Central and Eastern Europe: A dynamic panel analysis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(1), pages 28-51.
    3. Keasey, Kevin & Martinez, Beatriz & Pindado, Julio, 2015. "Young family firms: Financing decisions and the willingness to dilute control," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 47-63.
    4. Wei Huang & Agyenim Boateng & Alexander Newman, 2016. "Capital structure of Chinese listed SMEs: an agency theory perspective," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 47(2), pages 535-550, August.
    5. Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli & Horváth, Bálint L. & Huizinga, Harry, 2017. "How does long-term finance affect economic volatility?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 41-59.
    6. Antonio Gledson De Carvalho, 2009. "The Effect of Institutions on the External Financing of The Brazilian Firms," Brazilian Review of Finance, Brazilian Society of Finance, vol. 7(1), pages 1-27.
    7. Charalambos P. Charalambous & Marios C. Polemidiotis, 2017. "Wage Dynamics Network: SME Credit Constraints in Cyprus During the Period 2010-2013 and Effects on Employment, Wages and Prices," Cyprus Economic Policy Review, University of Cyprus, Economics Research Centre, vol. 11(2), pages 63-85, December.
    8. ElBannan, Mona A., 2017. "Stock market liquidity, family ownership, and capital structure choices in an emerging country," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 201-231.
    9. Reto Wernli & Andreas Dietrich, 2022. "Only the brave: improving self-rationing efficiency among discouraged Swiss SMEs," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(3), pages 977-1003, October.
    10. Ferrando, Annalisa & Preuss, Carsten, 2018. "What finance for what investment? Survey-based evidence for European companies," EIB Working Papers 2018/01, European Investment Bank (EIB).
    11. Martinez Cillero, Maria & Lawless, Martina & O'Toole, Conor, 2019. "The determinants of SME capital structure across the lifecycle," Papers WP614, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI).
    12. Krivogorsky, Victoria & Joh, Gun-Ho & DeBoskey, D.G., 2018. "The influence of supply side factors on firm's borrowing decisions: European evidence," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 202-222.
    13. Ferri, Giovanni & Murro, Pierluigi, 2015. "Do firm–bank ‘odd couples’ exacerbate credit rationing?," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 231-251.
    14. Harrison, Richard & Li, Youwei & Vigne, Samuel A. & Wu, Yuliang, 2022. "Why do small businesses have difficulty in accessing bank financing?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    15. Victor Motta, 2017. "Are SMEs in the hospitality industry less likely to experience credit constraint than other industries in the service sector? Evidence from Latin America," Tourism Economics, , vol. 23(7), pages 1398-1418, November.
    16. Mc Namara, Andrea & Murro, Pierluigi & O'Donohoe, Sheila, 2017. "Countries lending infrastructure and capital structure determination: The case of European SMEs," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 122-138.
    17. Pietrovito, Filomena, 2009. "Investment decisions, price-earnings ratios and finance. Evidence from firm-level data," Economics & Statistics Discussion Papers esdp09054, University of Molise, Department of Economics.
    18. Zhang, Xiaoyan & Li, Jinbao & Xiang, Dong & Worthington, Andrew C., 2023. "Digitalization, financial inclusion, and small and medium-sized enterprise financing: Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    19. Shujun Ding & Mingzhi Liu & Zhenyu Wu, 2016. "Financial Reporting Quality and External Debt Financing Constraints: The Case of Privately Held Firms," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 52(3), pages 351-373, September.
    20. Paulo, Alves, 2018. "Abnormal retained earnings around the world," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 63-74.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ani:irdjom:v:4:y:2022:i:2:p:398-408. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Pranav Kumar (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.internationalrasd.org/index.php/jom/index .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.