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Agricultural Adaptation To Urbanization: Farm Types In Northeast Metropolitan Areas

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  • Heimlich, Ralph E.
  • Barnard, Charles H.

Abstract

Metropolitan agriculture is not homogeneous. This paper delves beneath metropolitan county averages using data on individual farms in the Northeast classified into three statistically distinct types. A small group of adaptive farms profit from intensive production on smaller acreage to accommodate themselves to the urban environment. Traditional farms have increased costs and pressures on their more extensive operations without compensating increases in revenue from better-adapted enterprises. A large group of recreational farms subsidize small-farm activities from nonfarm income. Operating characteristics of each farm type are presented and their importance to metropolitan agriculture is assessed. Implications for preserving farming and farmland in the Northeast are drawn.

Suggested Citation

  • Heimlich, Ralph E. & Barnard, Charles H., 1992. "Agricultural Adaptation To Urbanization: Farm Types In Northeast Metropolitan Areas," Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, vol. 21(1), pages 1-11, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:nejare:28849
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.28849
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brooks, Nora L., 1985. "Minifarms: Farm Business or Rural Residence?," Agricultural Information Bulletins 309331, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    2. Ahearn, Mary & Banker, David, 1988. "Urban Farming Has Financial Advantages," Rural America/ Rural Development Perspectives, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, vol. 5(1), October.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Findeis, Jill L. & Lass, Daniel A., 1992. "Farm Operator Off-farm Labor Supply and Hired Labor Use on Pennsylvania Farms," Staff Paper Series 256845, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology.
    3. Nehring, Richard & Erickson, Kenneth & Michael, Harris & Hallahan, Charlie & Katchova, Ani, 2016. "Heartland, Southern Seaboard, and Prairie Gateway: A Farm-Level Analysis," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 235666, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    4. Thomas Coisnon & Walid Oueslati & Julien Salanié, 2013. "Spatial targeting of agri-environmental policy and urban development," Working Papers halshs-00795815, HAL.
    5. Galen Newman & Jesse Saginor, 2016. "Priorities for Advancing the Concept of New Ruralism," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-15, March.
    6. Thomas Coisnon & Walid Oueslati & Julien Salanié, 2012. "Urban sprawl occurrence under spatially varying agricultural bid-rent and amenities," Working Papers halshs-00748681, HAL.
    7. Wojewodzic, Tomasz & Sroka, Wojciech, 2018. "Commercial farms in metropolitan areas in Poland: changes in production factor resources," International Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (IJAGST), SvedbergOpen, vol. 181(4), December.
    8. Jeremy Porter & Philip Mason & Frank Howell, 2013. "Metropolitan Influence and Land Use Competition in Potential Biomass Crop Production: A Spatial Demographic Analysis," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 32(2), pages 285-310, April.
    9. Coisnon, Thomas & Oueslati, Walid & Salanié, Julien, 2014. "Urban sprawl occurrence under spatially varying agricultural amenities," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 38-49.
    10. Thomas Coisnon & Walid Oueslati & Julien Salanié, 2012. "Agri-environmental policy and urban sprawl patterns: A general equilibrium analysis," Working Papers halshs-00753221, HAL.
    11. Cheng, Mei-luan & Gomez, Miguel I. & Bills, Nelson L., 2011. "Urban Agglomeration Economies in the U.S. Greenhouse and Nursery Production," Working Papers 126611, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
    12. Pölling, Bernd & Sroka, Wojciech & Mergenthaler, Marcus, 2017. "Success of urban farming’s city-adjustments and business models—Findings from a survey among farmers in Ruhr Metropolis, Germany," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 372-385.
    13. Marino Davide & Giannelli Agostino & Mazzocchi Giampiero & Mastronardi Luigi & Giaccio Vincenzo, 2018. "Territorialisation dynamics for Italian farms adhering to Alternative Food Networks," Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, Sciendo, vol. 40(40), pages 113-131, June.
    14. Parks, Peter J. & Schorr, James P., 1997. "Sustaining Open Space Benefits in the Northeast: An Evaluation of the Conservation Reserve Program," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 85-94, January.
    15. Cheng, Mei-luan & Bills, Nelson L. & Francis, Joseph, 2006. "Historical and Spatial Analysis of High-Value Crop Production in the U.S," Working Papers 127063, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
    16. Bernd Pölling & Marcus Mergenthaler, 2017. "The Location Matters: Determinants for “Deepening” and “Broadening” Diversification Strategies in Ruhr Metropolis’ Urban Farming," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-19, July.
    17. Bernd Pölling, 2016. "Comparison of Farm Structures, Success Factors, Obstacles, Clients’ Expectations and Policy Wishes of Urban Farming’s Main Business Models in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-23, May.
    18. Maynard, Leigh J. & Kelsey, Timothy W. & Lembeck, Stanford M. & Becker, John C., 1995. "Agricultural Conservation Easements and Farm Adaptation to Urbanizing Environments," Staff Paper Series 256849, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology.
    19. Wojciech Sroka & Bernd Pölling & Tomasz Wojewodzic & Miroslaw Strus & Paulina Stolarczyk & Olga Podlinska, 2019. "Determinants of Farmland Abandonment in Selected Metropolitan Areas of Poland: A Spatial Analysis on the Basis of Regression Trees and Interviews with Experts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-23, May.

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