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Optimal Crop Plans for Sustainable Water Use in Punjab

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  • Kaur, Baljinder
  • Sidhu, R.S.
  • Vatta, Kamal

Abstract

A linear programming model has been formulated to suggest the optimal cropping pattern for maximizing net returns and ensuring significant savings of groundwater with the aim of sustaining groundwater use in the Punjab agriculture. The primary data obtained from the project, “Comprehensive scheme to study the cost of cultivation of principal crops in Punjab” for the year 2002-03 pertain to 170 farmers selected through three-stage stratified random sampling technique. As the period of transplantation of paddy has a significant bearing on the amount of groundwater used and its sustainability, the paddy crop has been further classified into Paddy 1 (transplanted before 10th June); Paddy 2 (transplanted during 11th June to 20th June) and Paddy 3 (transplanted after 20th June). At the existing level of water availability, the optimal crop plan has not revealed any significant changes in the production pattern. Restricting the availability of groundwater has resulted into a major shift in the cropping pattern. Such changes could ensure groundwater savings of almost 25 per cent, without any adverse impact on the net returns from crop production. Introduction of new crops in the production plan, such as Bt cotton, has further enhanced the returns from crop production by about 4 per cent along with groundwater savings of 26.55 per cent. The study has suggested that alternate wetting and drying, adoption of system of rice intensification (SRI), use of tensiometers and direct plantation of paddy are some of the other techniques which can save water.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaur, Baljinder & Sidhu, R.S. & Vatta, Kamal, 2010. "Optimal Crop Plans for Sustainable Water Use in Punjab," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 23(2), July.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:aerrae:96936
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.96936
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Singh, Baldev, 1992. "Groundwater Resource and Agricultural Development Strategy: Punjab Experience," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 47(1).
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    1. Nazari, Bijan & Liaghat, Abdolmajid & Akbari, Mohammad Reza & Keshavarz, Marzieh, 2018. "Irrigation water management in Iran: Implications for water use efficiency improvement," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 7-18.
    2. Singh, J.M. & Singh, Jasdev & Kumar, Hardeep & Singh, Sukhpal & Sachdeva, Jatinder & Kaur, Baljinder & Chopra, Shruti & Chand, Prem, 2019. "Management of Paddy Straw in Punjab: An Economic Analysis of Different Techniques," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 74(03), July.
    3. Xu, Zhitao & Elomri, Adel & Al-Ansari, Tareq & Kerbache, Laoucine & El Mekkawy, Tarek, 2022. "Decisions on design and planning of solar-assisted hydroponic farms under various subsidy schemes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    4. Ahmed M. Alabdulkader & Ahmed I. Al-Amoud & Fawzi S. Awad, 2012. "Optimization of the cropping pattern in Saudi Arabia using a mathematical programming sector model," Agricultural Economics, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 58(2), pages 56-60.
    5. Inas EL-Gafy & Neil Grigg & Reagan Waskom, 2017. "Water-Food-Energy: Nexus and Non-Nexus Approaches for Optimal Cropping Pattern," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(15), pages 4971-4980, December.
    6. Hourieh Masaeli & Alireza Gohari & Marzieh Hasanzadeh Saray & Ali Torabi Haghighi, 2023. "Developing a new water–energy–food‐greenhouse gases nexus tool for sustainable agricultural landscape management," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(2), pages 877-892, April.
    7. Sahil Bhatia & S. P. Singh, 2024. "Assessing Groundwater Use Efficiency and Productivity across Punjab Agriculture: District and Farm Size Perspectives," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-24, August.
    8. Yogita Sharma & Baljinder Kaur Sidana & Sunny Kumar & Samanpreet Kaur & Milkho Kaur Sekhon & Amrit Kaur Mahal & Sushant Mehan, 2023. "Pre and Post Water Level Behaviour in Punjab: Impact Analysis with DiD Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-18, January.
    9. Ertek, A. & Yilmaz, H., 2014. "The agricultural perspective on water conservation in Turkey," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 151-158.
    10. Sidana, Baljinder Kaur & Kumar, Sunny, 2021. "Climate adaptation strategies: optimizing farm-level water use and profitability in Punjab," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 34(1), June.

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    Agricultural and Food Policy;

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