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Wheat breeding, productivity and slow variety change: evidence from the Punjab of India after the Green Revolution

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  • Smale, Melinda
  • Singh, Joginder
  • Di Falco, Salvatore
  • Zambrano, Patricia

Abstract

Variety change and genetic diversity are important means of combating crop losses from pests and diseases in modern agricultural systems. Since the Green Revolution, genetic diversity among wheat varieties released in India has increased but variety change on farms continues to be slow. In this article, we define and summarise indices of variety change and genetic diversity for the wheat varieties released and grown in Indian Punjab during the post-Green Revolution period. We evaluate the effect of each index on technical efficiency with a Cobb-Douglas yield model after testing for exogeneity. Findings support the hypothesis that slow variety change has offset the positive productivity effects of diversifying the genetic base in wheat breeding during the post-Green Revolution period. Policies that speed the rate of variety change and contribute to a more equitable spatial distribution of modern varieties could support wheat productivity in the Punjab of India, reinforcing plant breeding successes.

Suggested Citation

  • Smale, Melinda & Singh, Joginder & Di Falco, Salvatore & Zambrano, Patricia, 2008. "Wheat breeding, productivity and slow variety change: evidence from the Punjab of India after the Green Revolution," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 54(4), pages 1-14.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:aareaj:161901
    DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.161901
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    8. Melinda Smale & Jason Hartell & Paul W. Heisey & Ben Senauer, 1998. "The Contribution of Genetic Resources and Diversity to Wheat Production in the Punjab of Pakistan," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 80(3), pages 482-493.
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    2. Melinda Smale & Nelissa Jamora, 2020. "Valuing genebanks," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 12(5), pages 905-918, October.
    3. Asadi, Hormoz & Zamanian, Gholamreza & Tash, Mohammad Nabi Shahiki & Ghorbani, Mohammad & Kamali, Mohammad Reza Jalal, 2017. "An Economic Analysis of Wheat Breeding Programs for Some Iranian Irrigated Bread Wheat Varieties," Agricultural Economics Review, Greek Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 0(Issue 1), January.
    4. Spielman, David J. & Kennedy, Adam, 2016. "Towards better metrics and policymaking for seed system development: Insights from Asia's seed industry," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 111-122.
    5. Ghimire, Subash & Mehar, Mamta & Mittal, Surabhi, 2012. "Influence of Sources of Seed on Varietal Adoption Behavior of Wheat Farmers in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 25(Conferenc).
    6. Smale, Melinda & Olwande, John, 2011. "Is Older Better? Maize Hybrid Change on Household Farms in Kenya," Working Papers 202594, Egerton University, Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development.
    7. Melinda Smale & John Olwande, 2014. "Demand for maize hybrids and hybrid change on smallholder farms in Kenya," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 45(4), pages 409-420, July.
    8. Pavithra, S. & Mittal, S. & Bhat, S.A. & Birthal, P.S. & Shah, S.A. & Hariharan, V., 2017. "Spatial and Temporal Diversity in Adoption of Modern Wheat Varieties in India," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 30(1), June.
    9. Spielman, David J. & Smale, Melinda, 2017. "Policy options to accelerate variety change among smallholder farmers in South Asia and Africa South of the Sahara," IFPRI discussion papers 1666, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    10. Jaeck, Melanie & Lifran, Robert, 2011. "The Economic Determinants of the On-farm Management of Rice Cultivars in the Rhone River Delta (France)," 2011 Conference, August 25-26, 2011, Nelson, New Zealand 115508, New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.
    11. Krishna, Vijesh V. & Spielman, David J. & Veettil, Prakashan C. & Ghimire, Subash, 2014. "An empirical examination of the dynamics of varietal turnover in Indian wheat:," IFPRI discussion papers 1336, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    12. Eder, Andreas & Salhofer, Klaus & Quddoos, Abdul, 2024. "The impact of cereal crop diversification on farm labor productivity under changing climatic conditions," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    13. Joshi, Kuhu & Joshi, Pramod Kumar & Khan, Md. Tajuddin & Kishore, Avinash, 2018. "Insights on the rapid adoption of Pusa 1121 basmati variety in North India," IFPRI discussion papers 1756, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    14. Donald Villanueva & Melinda Smale & Nelissa Jamora & Grace Lee Capilit & Ruaraidh Sackville Hamilton, 2020. "The contribution of the International Rice Genebank to varietal improvement and crop productivity in Eastern India," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 12(5), pages 929-943, October.

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